Black-winged Pratincole - AEWA
Black-winged Pratincole - AEWA
Black-winged Pratincole - AEWA
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<strong>AEWA</strong> Technical Series No. 4<br />
Threats to the <strong>Black</strong>-<strong>winged</strong> <strong>Pratincole</strong> (solid frame – high impact; normal frame – medium impact; dashed frame – low impact)<br />
Direct<br />
(humaninduced)<br />
mortality<br />
Adults<br />
Hunting<br />
Poisoning with<br />
pesticides & other<br />
chemicals<br />
Trampling by cattle/sheep<br />
Local people unaware of need to<br />
preserve species<br />
Pest control in agriculture<br />
Actions against rodents & other animals<br />
transmitting diseases<br />
Poor law enforcement<br />
High stock density Ploughing of virgin steppes<br />
Chicks and<br />
eggs<br />
Destruction of nests by<br />
farming machinery<br />
Disturbance<br />
Off-road vehicles<br />
Tourists<br />
Ploughing of virgin steppes<br />
Indirect<br />
limiting<br />
factors<br />
Breeding habitat<br />
loss<br />
Artificial afforestation<br />
Construction of roads<br />
Stopped grazing<br />
Spread of fallow lands<br />
Cattle grazing and<br />
agriculture no longer<br />
economically attractive<br />
within former USSR states<br />
Reduced food<br />
availability<br />
Use of pesticides<br />
Disappearance of water bodies<br />
International Single Species Action Plan for the Conservation of the <strong>Black</strong>-<strong>winged</strong> <strong>Pratincole</strong> 21
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