COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON CYBERCRIME - United Nations ...

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CHAPTER FIVE: LAW ENFORCEMENT AND INVESTIGATIONS .. 117 5.1. Law enforcement and cybercrime ................................................................................................. 117 5.2. Investigative powers overview ....................................................................................................... 122 5.3. Privacy and investigative measures ............................................................................................... 134 5.4. Use of investigative measures in practice ..................................................................................... 142 5.5. Investigations and the private sector ............................................................................................ 144 5.6. Law enforcement capacity .............................................................................................................. 152 CHAPTER SIX: ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE ................................................................................................................................................... 157 6.1. Introduction to electronic evidence and digital forensics ......................................................... 157 6.2. Capacity for digital forensics and electronic evidence handling ............................................... 162 6.3. Cybercrime and the criminal justice system ................................................................................. 168 6.4. Criminal justice capacity .................................................................................................................. 172 6.5. Capacity building and technical assistance ................................................................................... 178 CHAPTER SEVEN: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ............................ 183 7.1. Sovereignty, jurisdiction and international cooperation ............................................................ 183 7.2. Jurisdiction ........................................................................................................................................ 189 7.3. International cooperation I – formal cooperation ...................................................................... 197 7.4. International cooperation II – informal cooperation ................................................................. 208 7.5. Extra-territorial evidence from clouds and service providers ................................................... 216 CHAPTER EIGHT: PREVENTION .................................................................................. 225 8.1. Cybercrime prevention and national strategies ........................................................................... 225 8.2. Cybercrime awareness ..................................................................................................................... 234 8.3. Cybercrime prevention, the private sector and academia .......................................................... 239 ANNEX ONE: ACT DESCRIPTIONS .................................................................................... 257 ANNEX TWO: MEASURING CYBERCRIME ...................................................................... 259 ANNEX THREE: PROVISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL INSTRUMENTS ............................................................................................... 267 ANNEX FOUR: THE INTERNET ............................................................................................. 277 ANNEX FIVE: METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................... 283 iv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations CERT CSIRT ECHR ECtHR EU EUROPOL G8 GDP HDI ICCPR ICCPR-OP2 ICERD ICESCR ICRMW ICT INTERPOL IP ISP IT ITU NFC OP-CRC-SC P2P SCO SMS TRIPS UNESCO UNODC UNSC URL USB VGT WEF Computer Emergency Response Team Computer Security Incident Response Team European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms European Court of Human Rights European Union European Police Office Group of Eight Gross domestic product Human Development Index International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights United Nations International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families Information and communications technology International Criminal Police Organization Internet protocol Internet service provider Information technology International Telecommunication Union Near field communication Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography Peer-to-peer Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Short message service Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime United Nations Security Council Uniform Resource Locator Universal serial bus Virtual global taskforce World Economic Forum v
Page 1 and 2: Comprehensive Study on Cybercrime D
Page 3 and 4: UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND
Page 5: CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ............
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS and Electroni
Page 11 and 12: INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION General A
Page 13 and 14: KEY FINDINGS AND OPTIONS KEY FINDIN
Page 15 and 16: KEY FINDINGS AND OPTIONS Some count
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Page 19 and 20: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER ONE: CONNECTIVITY AND CYBER
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CHAPTER THREE: LEGISLATION AND FRAM
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CHAPTER FOUR: CRIMINALIZATION CHAPT
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CHAPTER FIVE: LAW ENFORCEMENT AND I
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CHAPTER EIGHT: PREVENTION CHAPTER E
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CHAPTER EIGHT: PREVENTION cybercrim
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CHAPTER EIGHT: PREVENTION The next
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CHAPTER EIGHT: PREVENTION Public-pr
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ANNEX ONE: ACT DESCRIPTIONS ANNEX O
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ANNEX FIVE: METHODOLOGY ANNEX FIVE:
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ANNEX FIVE: METHODOLOGY Information
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Vienna International Centre, PO Box
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