Reviewers The Editors of <strong>Contemporary</strong> <strong>Nephrology</strong> <strong>Nursing</strong> wish to thank the following professionals, who reviewed <strong>and</strong> commented on the content of the chapters in this publication. Pamela R. Frederick, MSB Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Baltimore, MD Nancy M. Gallagher, BSN, RN, CNN St. Joseph Medical Center Tacoma, WA Karen K. Guiliano, MSN, CCRN, NP Phillips Medical Systems Andover, MA Nancy Hoffart, PhD, RN Northeastern University Boston, MA Mary Jo Holchek, MS, CRNP, CNN Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, MD Dawn T. Holcombe, MSN, RN, CDE Eli Lilly & Company Indianapolis, IN Jean A. Jacko, PhD, RN Capital University Columbus, OH Tamara M. Kear, MSN, RN, CNN Physicians Dialysis, Inc. Philadelphia, PA Karen Kelley, BSN, RN, CNN Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Renal Division McGaw Park, IL Maria Luongo, MSN, BA, RN Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA Jean A. S. MacMullen, RN, CNA Health Care Consultant Inverness, FL Harold Manley, PharmD, BCPS, FASN Albany College of Pharmacy Albany, NY Judith C. Meraw, BHScN, RN, CNeph(C) London Health Sciences Centre London, Ontario, Canada Sheila G. Mitchell, MSN, ACNP, CNN Network 8, Inc. Jackson, MS Amy Barton Pai, PharmD, BCPS, FASN University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center College of Pharmacy Albuquerque, NM Eileen J. Peacock, MSN, RN, CNN, CIC, CPHQ DaVita, Inc. Berwyn, PA Daisy Perry, BScN, RN Retired, University of Alberta Hospitals Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Marcia Phillips, DNSc, RN St. Luke’s Medical Center Chicago, IL Mary A. Pipkin, BA, RN, CNN Lynchburg <strong>Nephrology</strong>, Inc. Lynchburg, VA Linda M. Plush, MSN, RN, CNS/FNP, CNN Plush Systems, Inc. Palmdale, CA Christy A. Price Rabetoy, NP <strong>Nephrology</strong> Associates, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT Fannie Rankin-Vinci, RN, CDE Mills-Peninsula Health Services Burlingame, CA Kitty Richardson Falls Church, VA Sue Dickey Roberts Abbott Laboratories Oakl<strong>and</strong>, CA Joan H. Ruppert, MSN, RN, CNN St. Louis Community College Kirkwood, MO Patricia Baltz Salai, MSN, RN, CNN, CRNP VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System Pittsburgh, PA Mary Scott, PhD, RN UCSF Department of Psychological <strong>Nursing</strong> San Francisco, CA Nancy J. Sharp, MSN, RN, FAAN Sharp & Associates Bethesda, MD Rosalie C. Starzomski, PhD, RN University of Victoria Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Donna J. Swartzendruber, MSN, RN, CNN DaVita, Inc. Denver, CO Charlotte Szromba, MSN, APRN, NP, CNN University of Chicago Chicago, IL Charlotte Thomas-Hawkins, PhD, RN Rutgers University Newark, NJ Annie W. Tu, MSN, ARNP, CNN, RN University of Washington Medical Center Seattle, WA Diane M. Watson, MSc, RN, CNeph(C) Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada Patricia D. Weiskittel, MSN, RN, APRN, BC, CNN VA Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH Joan K. Werner, BSN, CNN, MBA Fresenius Medical Care Lexington, MA Beth Witten, MSW Medical Education Institute Madison, WI Gail S. Wick, BSN, RN, CNN Consultant Atlanta, GA Barbara Wilson, MScN, RN, CNeph(C) London Health Sciences Centre London, Ontario, Canada Rebecca P. Winsett, PhD University of Tennessee Memphis, TN Karen C. Wiseman, MSN, RN, CNN Renal America, Inc. Brentwood, TN Cynthia Yam, BScN, RN University of Alberta Hospital Edmonton, Alberta, Canada XII <strong>Contemporary</strong> <strong>Nephrology</strong> <strong>Nursing</strong>: <strong>Principles</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Practice</strong>, <strong>Second</strong> Edition © — American <strong>Nephrology</strong> Nurses’ Association 2006
Acknowledgments There are many people who contribute to the publication of a comprehensive textbook like <strong>Contemporary</strong> <strong>Nephrology</strong> <strong>Nursing</strong>: <strong>Principles</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Practice</strong>. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the many people who made this book possible. In particular, we would like to extend our appreciation to: Gus Ostrum, for his wonderful organizational ability, expert advice, good judgment, <strong>and</strong> invaluable support, Mike Cunningham <strong>and</strong> the Board of Directors of ANNA, for their confidence in our abilities <strong>and</strong> ongoing support of the project, Katie Brownlow <strong>and</strong> Lauren McClintock, for their administrative, organizational, <strong>and</strong> editorial skills, To the authors, for their creativity, persistence <strong>and</strong> cooperation in meeting deadlines, despite many personal <strong>and</strong> family responsibilities <strong>and</strong> challenges. Anita Molzahn, PhD, RN Editor Evelyn Butera, MS, RN, CNN Assistant Editor <strong>Contemporary</strong> <strong>Nephrology</strong> <strong>Nursing</strong>: <strong>Principles</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Practice</strong>, <strong>Second</strong> Edition © — American <strong>Nephrology</strong> Nurses’ Association 2006 XIII