Pets, Aquarium, and Terrarium Species - Convention on Biological ...

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Published by the Secretariat of the <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity ISBN: 92-9225-204-6 Copyright © 2010. The designations employed <strong>and</strong> the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication was produced with the financial assistance of the Government of Spain. The views reported in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Government of Spain, nor of the Secretariat of the <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Secretariat of the <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity would appreciate receiving a copy of any publications that use this document as a source. Citation: Secretariat of the <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity (2010). <strong>Pets</strong>, <strong>Aquarium</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>Terrarium</strong> <strong>Species</strong>: Best Practices for Addressing Risks to Biodiversity. Montreal, SCBD, Technical Series No. 48, 45 pages. For further information, please contact: Secretariat of the <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity World Trade Centre 413 St. Jacques Street, Suite 800 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 1N9 Phone: 1(514) 288 2220 Fax: 1 (514) 288 6588 E-mail: secretariat@cbd.int Website: www.cbd.int Typesetting: Em Dash Design Cover photos courtesy of (top to bottom): Kohichi Goka, Flickr.com/mineobskuriteter, Kohichi Goka, <strong>and</strong> Ian McHenry
contents FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................................5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................................................6 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.......................................................................................................7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................8 1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................9 2. THE IMPORT OF ALIEN SPECIES AS PETS: IMPLICATIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY....................10 2.1 <strong>Aquarium</strong> <strong>and</strong> Ornamental Fish.................................................................................................................. 11 2.2 <strong>Terrarium</strong> <strong>Species</strong>, Reptiles <strong>and</strong> Amphibians............................................................................................. 12 2.3 Predators.......................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Parasites <strong>and</strong> Zoonoses.................................................................................................................................. 14 2.5 Live Food <strong>and</strong> Aquaculture........................................................................................................................... 15 2.6 Socio-Economic Considerations on the Live Animal Trade.................................................................... 17 3. INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ON LIVE ANIMAL TRADE .............................18 3.1 International Regulations.............................................................................................................................. 18 3.2 Voluntary Codes............................................................................................................................................. 19 3.3 Gaps in International Law <strong>and</strong> Regulation................................................................................................. 19 3.4 Internet Trade as a Pathway for Invasive Alien <strong>Species</strong> ............................................................................ 20 4. POLICY OPTIONS AND BEST PRACTICES: RISK ASSESSMENT ....................................................21 4.1 Risk Assessment <strong>and</strong> Screening Approaches.............................................................................................. 22 4.2 Decision-making............................................................................................................................................ 23 4.3 Sub-National <strong>and</strong> Regional Risk Assessments............................................................................................ 24 4.4 National Approaches to Risk Assessment................................................................................................... 25 4.5 Awareness <strong>and</strong> Stakeholder Involvement.................................................................................................... 25 4.6 Industry-based Measures.............................................................................................................................. 26 4.7 Capacity <strong>and</strong> Resourcing............................................................................................................................... 28 4.8 Information Exchange Tools <strong>and</strong> Information-sharing............................................................................ 29 5. EXAMPLES OF NATIONAL APPROACHES...........................................................................................32 5.1 Australia: Pre-import Screening <strong>and</strong> Regulation of Live Animals for Import....................................... 32 5.2 Brazil: Actions <strong>and</strong> Regulations for Live Animal Imports <strong>and</strong> Pet Release Pathway............................ 33 5.3 Czech Republic: Regulations for Animal Imports..................................................................................... 33 5.4 Estonia: Best Practices Addressing the Introduction of Alien <strong>Species</strong> as <strong>Pets</strong>, <strong>Aquarium</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Terrarium</strong> <strong>Species</strong>................................................................................................................ 33 5.5 Israel: Addressing the Import of Vertebrates to Prevent Invasive <strong>Species</strong>.............................................. 34 5.6 Japan: Invasive Alien <strong>Species</strong> Legislation <strong>and</strong> Implementation for Intentional Animal Imports....... 35 5.7 Mauritius: Addressing Intentional Animal Imports.................................................................................. 36 5.8 Portugal: Regulations for Animal Imports.................................................................................................. 36 5.9 Thail<strong>and</strong>: Regulating Aquatic Animal Imports.......................................................................................... 37 5.10 United Kingdom: Risk Identification <strong>and</strong> Risk Assessment..................................................................... 37 5.11 United States: Regulation of Live Fish Imports.......................................................................................... 37 6. CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................................39 Annex.........................................................................................................................................................40 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................41
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