THESIS(Jin Hwan Oh).pdf

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IA/PA VFA/ALK pH 22 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 HRT = 48h 96 72 48 36 30 48 42 30 24 18 12 9 pH Alkalinity 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Alkalinity, mg/L as CaCO 3 HRT = 48h 96 72 48 36 30 48 42 30 24 18 12 9 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Operation time, Days IA/PA VFA/ALK 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 Figure 2−4. Variation of pH, alkalinity, VFA/ALK ratio, and IA/PA ratio Conductivity The electrical conductivity (EC) of the raw wastewater and the SGBR effluent over time was monitored. With caustic soda addition for pH adjustment, the average EC increased by 200
23 to 1200 μS/m. The caustic soda used for alkalinity resulted in an overall increase in EC through the system, but the resultant increase is only a fraction of that for caustic soda. Specific methanogenic activity Specific methanogenic activity (SMA) tests were conducted to determine the maximum methane production rate of anaerobic granular sludge under controlled environmental conditions. The methanogenic activity of biomass is expressed as the COD equivalent of the methane produced per gram of VSS per day (g COD-CH4/g VSS-d). The methanogenic activity of granular sludge can vary depending on operational parameters including HRT, OLR, process temperature, mixing conditions, influent COD concentration, substrate characteristics, adaptation of the biomass, presence of inhibiting factors, and reactor configuration (Grotenhuis et al., 1991; Kato et al., 1997; Kettunen and Rintala, 1997; Lettinga, 1995). Specific methanogenic activity of the seed granular sludge was 0.333 g COD-CH 4 /g VSS-d and the granular sludge was sampled from the two sampling ports, located in the middle and bottom of the reactor (1.2 and 0.6 m from the base), to compare the activity of sludge at different depths. The SMA of the granules sampled from the middle and bottom of the reactor was slightly lowered to 0.270 and 0.288 g COD-CH 4 /g VSS-d, respectively, on day 86 at an OLR of 1.70 kg COD/m 3 /d. During the first 85 days of operation, average values of OLR and influent COD concentration were 1.53 kg COD/m 3 /d and 2799 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, the effect of substrate concentration on the activity could be considered negligible. The decrease in the methanogenic activity was probably due to the effect of changed operational conditions such as operating temperatures on the SMA because OLR and influent COD concentrations were fairly
Page 1 and 2: Performance evaluation of the pilot
Page 3 and 4: iii Results and discussion ........
Page 5 and 6: v Figure 4−6. Observed and predic
Page 7 and 8: vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The performan
Page 9 and 10: 1 CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION A
Page 11 and 12: 3 Granular Sludge Immobilization of
Page 13 and 14: 5 allows the contact between the di
Page 15 and 16: 7 sludge production, and oxygen tra
Page 17 and 18: 9 CHAPTER 2. DAIRY PROCESSING WASTE
Page 19 and 20: 11 The Industrial Wastewater Treatm
Page 21 and 22: 13 used to store an influent wastew
Page 23 and 24: 15 GAS SCRUBBER BIOGAS SODIUM HYDRO
Page 25 and 26: 17 80%, respectively. Longer HRTs (
Page 27 and 28: TSS concentration, mg/L Removal eff
Page 29: 21 Figure 2−4 depicts the results
Page 33 and 34: 25 dispersed sludge in the middle p
Page 35 and 36: 27 Biogas production and compositio
Page 37 and 38: 29 average OLR of 5.0 kg COD/m 3 /d
Page 39 and 40: 31 COD CH4 = amount produced CH 4 i
Page 41 and 42: 33 removed was utilized for biomass
Page 43 and 44: 35 particulate COD was removed and
Page 45 and 46: 37 Enright, A. M, McHugh, S., Colli
Page 47 and 48: 39 Perle, M., Kimchie, S. and Shele
Page 49 and 50: 41 CHAPTER 3. BACKWASHING OF THE ST
Page 51 and 52: 43 injected through side valves (2
Page 53 and 54: 45 H H H e 0 100% (3.5) 0 0
Page 55 and 56: u t , m/h 47 A/ν = 6/ ( d) = Grain
Page 57 and 58: 49 mm and 1,020 kg/m 3 , respective
Page 59 and 60: u mf , m/h 51 7 6 5 4 1000 1020 104
Page 61 and 62: 53 The required backwash velocity f
Page 63 and 64: 55 CHAPTER 4. KINETIC MODELING AND
Page 65 and 66: 57 The SGBR is a recently developed
Page 67 and 68: 59 Table 4−1. Characteristics of
Page 69 and 70: 61 sulfide (H 2 S) measurement was
Page 71 and 72: COD Removal, % COD Removal, % 63 10
Page 73 and 74: pH VFA/Alkalinity pH VFA/Alkalinity
Page 75 and 76: 67 max S K S S (4.3) where µ m
Page 77 and 78: (S 0 -S e )/HRT/X, gCOD/gVSS/day (S
Page 79 and 80: 71 where k s is the substrate remov
Page 81 and 82:
COD concentration, mg/L COD concent
Page 83 and 84:
V/Q(S0-Se), L d/g V/Q(S0-Se), L d/g
Page 85 and 86:
COD concentration, mg/L COD concent
Page 87 and 88:
79 at OLR ranging from 1.01 to 3.56
Page 89 and 90:
81 Danalewich, J. R., Papagiannis,
Page 91 and 92:
83 Rinzema, A., van Lier, J. and Le
Page 93 and 94:
85 CHAPTER 5. SEPTIC WASTEWATER TRE
Page 95 and 96:
87 below the limits set by drinking
Page 97 and 98:
89 Figure 5−1. Schematic of biofi
Page 99 and 100:
COD Concentration, mg/L 91 possibly
Page 101 and 102:
93 Figure 5−3. Variations in infl
Page 103 and 104:
95 Figure 5−5. Variations of COD,
Page 105 and 106:
97 Figure 5−6. Variations of rati
Page 107 and 108:
99 compounds decreased during start
Page 109 and 110:
101 Fecal coliform removal The feca
Page 111 and 112:
103 Proceedings of 8 th Northwest O
Page 113 and 114:
105 and excessive suspended solids.
Page 115 and 116:
107 damage to the property by machi
Page 117 and 118:
109 APPENDICES A Ammonia adsorption
Page 119 and 120:
111 e 1 Q = K ×C n (A.2) e f where
Page 121:
113 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and fore
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