Local Government GIS Demonstration Grant - NCGIA Buffalo

GIS DEVELOPMENT GUIDE: MANAGER'S OVERVIEW
1 INTRODUCTION
This guide is the first of a set of technical support documents to assist local governments
indeveloping a GIS. The set of guides describes procedures and methods for planning the
GIS,evaluating potential data sources, testing available hardware and software and planning for
itsacquisition, building the GIS data base, developing GIS applications, and planning for the long
termmaintenance of the GIS system and data base. These guides are intended to provide advice
on howbest to accomplish the GIS development tasks for all levels of local government - from
large,urbanized counties to small rural towns to special-purpose districts.
Realistically, large comprehensive GISs will be developed by the larger units of government
(counties and cities) individually or, most likely as the leader in a cooperative multi-participant
effort. These would involve the individual operating units within that government and/or the
smaller units of local government within the common land area of the larger leading unit.
Typically, we would expect to see county government taking the lead, but also covering the interest
of all other governmental units within the county. Occasionally, there will be situations where
smaller units of government (town, special purpose district, or limited purpose GIS application)
may have to "go-it-alone" in developing the GIS. These guidelines have been written to mainly
address the first case - a county leading a consortium or cooperative effort. Thus, we would
expect the GIS development team of a county to be the primary user of these guidelines, in the
sense of actually performing the tasks outlined in each document. However, this does not
mean the other participants in a GIS should stop reading these guidelines at this
point. It is critically important for all expected participants in a cooperative GIS
venture to fully understand the development process. If a smaller unit of
government is to reap the benefits of a county-level GIS, they must actively
participate in the planning and development effort.
The procedures are applicablefor use in first-time creation of a GIS, for restructuring an on-going
GIS development project, andfor the review and further development of an existing GIS. The
subject matter of the guidesidentifies the necessary tasks in a GIS development program,
describes appropriate methods toaccomplish each task and, where applicable, provides examples
and illustrations of documents orother products that result from each task.
The guidelines are designed for use by general-purpose local governments (city, county, town, or
village), special purpose governments (utilities, school districts, etc.), and by those who provide
assistanceto local governments (consultants, academic units, etc.). The guides address the
technical stepsrequired to create a GIS, the management tasks required to ensure
successfuldevelopment of the GIS, and the policy issues that should be considered for the
effective use of theGIS.
The Role Of Management
Although GIS is often viewed as an arena for the technically sophisticated computerprofessional,
the development of a successful government-based multi-participant GIS is very dependent on