Geotechnical Manual for Slopes
Geotechnical Manual for Slopes
Geotechnical Manual for Slopes
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10.5 LOADS AND STRESSES<br />
10.5.1 Load Cells <strong>for</strong> Rockbolts and Anchors<br />
Only load cells suitable <strong>for</strong> long-term monitoring of rockbolt and anchor<br />
loads are considered in this Section.<br />
The anchor load can either be determined at intervals, by measuring the<br />
<strong>for</strong>ce required to jack the anchor head away from its seating, or it may be<br />
monitored continuously with a compression load cell between the anchor head<br />
and bearing plate. The types of load cell available and their advantages and<br />
disadvantages are given in Table 10.3.<br />
10.5.2 Earth Pressure Cells<br />
Measurement of earth pressure is unlikely to be required in soil slopes<br />
in Hong Kong. In large excavations, cells may be specified to measure the<br />
contact pressure between the soil and a retaining structure. Effective stress<br />
can be computed by installing pressure cells with piezometers. The type and<br />
position of a cell should be chosen with great care, because the introduction<br />
of the cell into the soil causes a redistribution of the stresses around it,<br />
and the errors depend on the geometry of the instrument. Details of the types<br />
of cell available and the problems that may be encountered when using them are<br />
given by Hanna (1973).