Steel Forming and Heat Treating Handbook - Antonio Gorni On Line

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Gorni Steel Forming and Heat Treating Handbook i FOREWORD This is a compilation of some useful mathematical formulas, graphics and data in the area of forming, heat treatment and physical metallurgy of steels. The very first version arose about thirty years ago as a handwritten sheet with a few formulas. Afterwards it was converted to a digital format and eventually posted on-line, hoping that it could be also helpful worldwide. It must be noted that these formulas were compiled at random, generally in a need-to-know basis. So, this Handbook is in permanent construction and very far to be complete. Finally, the author thanks Seok-Jae Lee for his contribution. DISCLAIMER The formulas and information compiled in this text are provided without warranty of any kind. Use them at your own risk! However, any help regarding the correction of eventual mistakes is appreciated. A Non-Stop Work First On-Line Release: 04 April 2002
Gorni Steel Forming and Heat Treating Handbook SUMMARY ii Austenite Formation Temperature ...........................................................................................................................1 Austenite Grain Size ...............................................................................................................................................8 Austenite No-Recrystallization Temperature ............................................................................................................9 Austenite Solubility Products ................................................................................................................................ 11 Austenite Solubilization Temperature .................................................................................................................... 16 Austenite Transformation Temperatures: Ar 3 and Ar 1 ............................................................................................ 17 Austenite Transformation Temperatures: Bs and Bf ............................................................................................... 27 Austenite Transformation Temperatures: Ms and Mf .............................................................................................. 34 Critical Diameter – Austenite Hardenability ........................................................................................................... 48 Density of Bulk Steel at Ambient Temperature ...................................................................................................... 49 Density of Bulk Steel at High Temperature ............................................................................................................ 51 Density of Liquid Steel .......................................................................................................................................... 54 Density of Microstructural Components at Ambient Temperature .......................................................................... 55 Density of Microstructural Components at High Temperature ............................................................................... 59 Dimensional Changes during Austenite Transformation ........................................................................................ 62 Equivalent Carbon – H.A.Z. Hardenability ............................................................................................................. 65 Equivalent Carbon – Hydrogen Assisted Cold Cracking .......................................................................................... 69 Equivalent Carbon – Peritectic Point ...................................................................................................................... 74 Fe-C Equilibrium Diagram .................................................................................................................................... 76 Fe-C Equilibrium Equations in the Solidification and Eutectoid Range .................................................................. 78 Ferrite Solubility Products ..................................................................................................................................... 80 Hardness After Austenite Cooling .......................................................................................................................... 82 Hardness After Tempering ..................................................................................................................................... 87 Hardness After Welding ......................................................................................................................................... 88 Hardness-Tensile Properties Equivalence .............................................................................................................. 90
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Gorni Nsol: Solubilized (Free) Nitr
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Gorni Alloy Content: [weight %] GBI
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Gorni 1075 661.39 648.83 632.09 615
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Gorni Tsup: Superficial Temperature
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Gorni . Tempering (Hollomon-Jaffe)
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Gorni - Welding Effects Steel Formi
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Gorni From Multiply by To M 10 10 A
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