Forecasting Beach Closings and Conditions in the Great Lakes

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Water Quality Standards for Waters -- Bacteria in the Environment • BEACH Act (Amending the Clean Water Act--October 10,2000) requires studies associated with pathogens and human health. • Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacteria lives in the digestive system of humans and other warm-blooded animals. • Epidemiological studies of fresh water bathing beaches have established a direct relationship between the density of E. coli in the water and the occurrence of swimming-related gastroenteritis, respiratory, ear, and skin symptoms. State of Michigan Department of Environmental Quality; EPA— Critical Path Science Plan (08/31/07)
Major Sources of Contamination • Aging Sewer Systems -> Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) -> Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs) -> Leaking Septic Systems (LSSs) Trash hangs on trees and creek polluted with sewage • Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) Approximately 2 -million hogs reside in Southwestern Ontario. Each pig produces about 4-times the amount of waste as humans
Page 1 and 2: Forecasting Beach Closures Using St
Page 3: Hypothesis: Watershed hydrology pla
Page 7 and 8: Grand River Watershed Grand Rapids
Page 9 and 10: Forecast Model Inputs: •Air Tempe
Page 11 and 12: National Weather Service’s Precip
Page 13 and 14: Grand River Stream flow in Cubic Me
Page 15 and 16: Grand River’s Stream flow and Gro
Page 17 and 18: Daily Sewage Discharges into the Gr
Page 19 and 20: Time Series Analysis Between Grand
Page 21 and 22: Spatially-Explicit, Watershed-Speci
Page 23 and 24: July 18 th 2005 Episodic Event
Page 25 and 26: 45 18 Hurricane Dennis 4 - 13 July
Page 27 and 28: July 27 th 2007 Episodic Event
Page 29 and 30: July 27 th 2007 Episodic - High Pre
Page 31 and 32: May 31, 2007 Event • Temperatures
Page 33: Questions?

Forecasting Beach Closings and Conditions in the Great Lakes

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