Late Homo Famous Fossils
Late Homo Famous Fossils
Late Homo Famous Fossils
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A <strong>Homo</strong> heidelbergensis Sampler<br />
Steinheim, , Germany<br />
250 kya<br />
1200 cc Petralona, , Greece<br />
300-400<br />
kya<br />
1220 cc<br />
Mauer, , Germany (Type Specimen)<br />
400 kya<br />
Atapuerca, , Spain<br />
300 kya<br />
1125 cc<br />
Arago, , France<br />
400 kya<br />
1166 cc<br />
Kabwe (Broken Hill),<br />
Zambia<br />
300 kya<br />
1300 cc<br />
Bodo, , Ethiopia<br />
600 kya
Neanderthal Origins: La Sima de los Heusos<br />
Atapuerca, Spain<br />
“The Pit of Bones”<br />
300 kya<br />
Dozens of individuals<br />
Classified as<br />
H. heidelbergensis<br />
Proto-Neanderthal<br />
features
Neanderthal<br />
<strong>Homo</strong> sapiens neanderthalensis<br />
Neander Valley,<br />
Germany 1856<br />
Age: 40-50,000<br />
Significance: First human<br />
fossil acknowledged<br />
as such, and first specimen of<br />
Neanderthal. Most dismissed<br />
it as a freak, but<br />
Doctor J. C.<br />
Fuhlrott<br />
speculated that<br />
it was an ancient<br />
human.
“Old Man” of La Chapelle<br />
H. sapiens neanderthalensis<br />
or H. neanderthalensis<br />
La Chapelle<br />
Aux-Saints,<br />
France<br />
Age: 50,000 years<br />
Cranial Capacity:<br />
1625 cc<br />
Early studies of this elderly<br />
male mistook symptoms<br />
of advanced age for signs<br />
of brutishness
Kebara 2: “Moshe”<br />
<strong>Homo</strong> sapiens neanderthalensis<br />
or <strong>Homo</strong> neanderthalensis<br />
Moshe’s<br />
fingertip<br />
Hyoid<br />
Modern<br />
Kebara Cave, Israel<br />
Lynne Shepartz, 1983<br />
Age: 60,000 years<br />
Neanderthal skeleton, lacking cranium and legs.<br />
Includes a modern-looking hyoid (throat) bone<br />
and distinctly broad, flat fingertip bones.
Omo-Kibbish 1<br />
<strong>Homo</strong> sapiens sapiens<br />
Kimoya Kimeu. 1967<br />
Omo Basin, Ethiopia<br />
Age: 130,000 years<br />
Perhaps the oldest known<br />
fossil of fully modern<br />
<strong>Homo</strong> sapiens sapiens
Border Cave,<br />
South Africa<br />
<strong>Homo</strong> sapiens sapiens<br />
70-130 kya
Klasies River Mouth<br />
South Africa<br />
<strong>Fossils</strong> and footprints<br />
117 kya<br />
<strong>Homo</strong> sapiens sapiens
Qafzeh IX <strong>Homo</strong> sapiens sapiens<br />
Qafzeh cave, Israel, 1969<br />
Qafzeh, Skhul, and others like them were once thought to follow the Middle Eastern<br />
Neanderthals in time. However, ESR and TL dating now put them at 90,000 to 100,000<br />
years–older than Middle Eastern Neanderthals.<br />
Qafzeh IX<br />
Adult female<br />
Skhul 5<br />
Adult male
Kow Swamp 1 <strong>Homo</strong> sapiens<br />
Alan Thorne, 1967<br />
Kow Swamp, Australia<br />
Age: 10,000 years<br />
These odd-looking<br />
skulls have a<br />
flattened forehead<br />
that Alan Thorne<br />
compares with Java<br />
erectus; Thorne uses<br />
them as supporting<br />
evidence for multiregional<br />
evolution of<br />
modern humans. Some<br />
suggest that Kow 5 may<br />
have been artificially<br />
deformed.<br />
Kow Swamp 1 Kow Swamp 5
Lagar Velho <strong>Homo</strong> sapiens?<br />
Lagar Velho, Portugal,<br />
1998<br />
24,500 years old (later<br />
than any true Neandertals)<br />
Trinkaus & Zilhao<br />
Modern-like jaw with<br />
Neandertal-like skeleton?<br />
Evidence of lingering<br />
Neanderthal traits, from<br />
interbreeding?<br />
Tattersall says no, only a<br />
“chunky modern”<br />
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