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Redemption 304: Righteousness on Credit biblestudying.net offence, so also is the free gift. For if through the offence of one many be dead, much more the grace of God, and the gift by grace, which is by one man, Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto many. 16 And not as it was by one that sinned, so is the gift: for the judgment was by one to condemnation, but the free gift is of many offences unto justification. 17 For if by one man’s offence death reigned by one; much more they which receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ.) 18 Therefore as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life. Ephesians 2:8 For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God. But is a credit incompatible with a gift? To answer this question, we turn to Jesus’ comments in Matthew 18. In verse 21, Peter asks Jesus a question about forgiveness. In answering his question, Jesus’ tells a parable. Matthew 18:21 Then came Peter to him, and said, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times? 22 Jesus saith unto him, I say not unto thee, Until seven times: but, Until seventy times seven. 23 Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened unto a certain king, which would take account of his servants. 24 And when he had begun to reckon, one was brought unto him, which owed him ten thousand talents. 25 But forasmuch as he had not to pay, his lord commanded him to be sold, and his wife, and children, and all that he had, and payment to be made. 26 The servant therefore fell down, and worshipped him, saying, Lord, have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. 27 Then the lord of that servant was moved with compassion, and loosed him, and forgave him the debt (1156). 28 But the same servant went out, and found one of his fellowservants, which owed him an hundred pence: and he laid hands on him, and took him by the throat, saying, Pay me that thou owest. 29 And his fellowservant fell down at his feet, and besought him, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. 30 And he would not: but went and cast him into prison, till he should pay the debt. 31 So when his fellowservants saw what was done, they were very sorry, and came and told unto their lord all that was done. 32 Then his lord, after that he had called him, said unto him, O thou wicked servant, I forgave thee all that debt, because thou desiredst me: 33 Shouldest not thou also have had compassion on thy fellowservant, even as I had pity on thee? 34 And his lord was wroth, and delivered him to the tormentors, till he should pay all that was due unto him. 35 So likewise shall my heavenly Father do also unto you, if ye from your hearts forgive not every one his brother their trespasses. This parable is relevant to our study for several reasons, which we will discuss as we move ahead to the next question. First, concerning the current question, it is significant to note verse 27 in which the king forgives his servant of a debt. The word for debt is “daneion” (Strong’s No. 1156), which is defined as “a loan.” 1156 daneion from danos (a gift); ; n n Page 4 of 34
Redemption 304: Righteousness on Credit biblestudying.net AV-debt 1; 1 1) a loan Therefore, in the parable, the servant is depicted as having a loan. But what is most significant from the definition above is that “deneion” comes from the Greek word “danos,” which means “a gift.” Consequently, given that this Greek word for “loan” comes from the Greek word for “gift,” it becomes very difficult to say that a credit, particularly an unearned and undeserved credit, is incompatible and irreconcilable with the idea of a gift. And what person who owes a debt he can never repay wouldn’t consider it an enormously generous gift if his creditor gave him a credit of “paid in full”? In addition, the conceptual distinction between a gift and a wage remains completely intact because the gift is awarded before any labor is done. It is given or credited to a person who has not earned it. Therefore, it can truly be called a gift or credit and not a wage. For a wage is owed to someone on the basis of work already performed. Furthermore, it is difficult to dismiss the relevance of this passage to our study of God accounting men as righteous on credit, given the fact that Jesus is telling this parable in order to illustrate God’s forgiveness of men, as verse 35 plainly states. As we move forward, the idea that salvation and righteousness are a gift from God in no way rules out that righteousness could be granted as a credit in advance for future righteous living and righteous works. Question Number Two Now we move on to our second question. Are we using a concept of credit that is unique to modern times and would not have been understood by the authors of scripture so many centuries ago? Specifically, we need to know if the Jews and the early Christians had an understanding of “credit” as an unearned sum given in advance but to be paid or worked toward in the future. And the answer to this question is a very clear “yes.” It is a matter of simple, historical fact that such a concept of “credit” is not unique to modern times, but was an established understanding in the ancient world as a whole and in the culture of the Jews specifically. The idea of lending or crediting someone money, which they had not yet earned but would pay back in the future, was indeed already well-established by the times of the New Testament. And to demonstrate that fact, below are a few Old Testament passages where the concept of crediting or lending a person unearned money, which was to be paid back later, is implicit to the text. Exodus 22:25 If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury. 26 If thou at all take thy neighbour’s raiment to pledge, thou shalt deliver it unto him by that the sun goeth down: Page 5 of 34
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