Oman (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) - Al Ain Chapter, Emirates Natural ...

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Gastropda Gastropoda Gastropoda Gastropoda Fissurellidae Xenophoridae Cypraeidae Cypraeidae Table 1 Marine mollusc shells from Qarn Safwan Diodera rueppellii (Sowerby, 1834) Xenophora corrugata (Reeve, 1842) Cypraea turdus winckworthi Schilder & Schilder, 1938 Cypraea grayana Schilder, 1930 Gastropoda Murlcidae Hexaplex kuesterianus (Tapparone-Canefri, 1875) Gastropoda Muricidae Murex scolopax Dillwyn, 181 7 Gastropoda Muricidae Thais lacera (Born, 1 778) Gastropoda Trochidae Trochus erithreus Brocchi, 1823 Gastropoda Naticidae Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758) Gastropoda Naticidae Neverita didyma (Roedlng, 1798) Gastropoda Natictdae Eunathicina papilla (Gmelin, 1 791 ) Gastropoda Potamididae Terebralia palustris (Linnaeus, 1767) Gastropoda Potamididae Potamides cornicus (Blainville, 1826) Gastropoda Ficidae Ficus gracilis (Sowerby, 1825) Gastropoda Vermetldae Serpulorbis variabilis Hadfield & Kay, 1972 Gastropoda Strombidae Strombus persicus Swainson, 1821 Gastropoda Nentidae Nerita albicilla Linnaeus, 1758 Gastropoda Nassariidae Nassarius persicus (Martens, 1874) Gastropoda Nassariidae Bullia mauritiana Gray, 1839 Gastropoda Olividae Oliva bulbosa (Roedlng, 1 798) Gastropoda Architectonicide Architectonica perspectiva (Linnaeus, 1758) Gastropoda Costellariidae Costellaria diaconalis (Mellvill & Standen, 1903) Bivalvia Veneridae Dosinia histrio (Grnelin, 1791) Bivalvia Veneridae Marcia flammea (Gmelin, 1 791 ) Bivalvia Veneridae Callista florida (Lamarck, 181 8) Bivalvia Veneridae Tivela ponderosa (Koch, 1844) Bivalvia Veneridae Sunetta donacina ( Gmelin, 1871) Bivalvia Veneridae Circe rugifera (Lamarck, 1 81 8) Bivalvia Glycymerididae Glycymeris pectunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bivalvia Glycymerididae Glycymeris livida (Reeve, 1843) Blvalvla Glycyrnerididae Glycymeris cf arabica (H Adams, 1871) Bivalvia Arcidae Andara uropigimelana (Bory de St Vincent, 1824) Bivalvia Arcidae Scapharca inflata (Reeve, 1844) Bivalvia Arcidae Acar plicata (Dillwyn, 1817) Bivalvia Arcidae Barbatia obliquata (Wood, 1828) Bivalvia Pectinidae Chlamys livida (Lamarck, 181 9) Bivalvia Carditoidea Cardites bicolor (Lamarck, 181 9) Bivalvia Carditoidea Cardita crassicosta Lamarck, 181 9 Bivalvia Cariidae Acrosterigma lacunosa (Reeve, 1 845) Bivalvia Matricidae Mactra liliacea Lamarck, 181 8 Bivalvia Pteriidae Pinctada radiata (Leach, 181 4) Bivalvia Pteriidae Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) Bivalvia Spondylidae Spondylus marisrubri Roeding, 1798 Bivalvia Ostreidae unidentlified oysters 3 1 10 1 8 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 1 1 3 19 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 23 31 7 4 11 1 92 87 2 2 11 4 6 1 50 35 17 1 4 7 Tribulus Vol. 15.1 Spring/Summer 2005 7 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 2 0 8 0 12 40 0 0 2 0 0 0 15 1 0 0 1 2
Bivalvia Bivalvia Table 2. Marine mollusc shells from the abandoned field system at Khudayrah I I I Arcidae Andara uropigimelana (Bory de St Vincent, 1824) Cariiidae Acrosterigma lacunosa (Reeve, 1845) Bivalvia Pteriidae Pinctada radiata (Leach, 181 4) Bivalvia Arcidae Barbatia obiiquata (Wood, 1828) Discussion present at Khudayrah also appears to be of Late Islamic date. One striking aspect of these observations, especially The obvious question arising from these shell finds from Qarn Safwan, is the great diversity of mollusc is what are they doing so far from the sea. They ere not species in the scatter. Unexpected finds were small keyhole limpets (Diodora rueppellii), a carrier shell (Xenophora corrugata), a fig shell (Ficus gracilis) and fossilised, and are present well above present sea level and any Pleistocene sea level, and are also clearly associated with sites. W can, therefore, worm shells (Serpulorbis variabilis). According to Bosch et at- (1 995), the mollusc species present are from a be assumed that they were transported €he sites by Man. Both sites are at least five days journey from the range of habitats, Including sand, sandy mud, rnangroves, rocky shores and offshore. As most species Arabian Gulf or Gulf of Oman using animal (camel or donkey) transport. The most obvious explanation is that are common to the Gulf of Oman and the south-eastern Arabian Gulf, it is not possible to determine the they were transported inland for food, and certainly the majority of the shells found are of species which are provenance of the shells. The shells from Khudayrah potentially edible. were mainly of the same species, though there were two However there are some rather curious anomalies species not encountered at Qarn Safwan (Callista which do not sit entirely comfortably with this erycina and Bullia melanoides). explanation. First, given the long and arduous nature of Although the age of the shells has not been the trek inland, one might have expected the transport to determined, W seems likely that most are relatively be as efficient as possible. Given that molluscs are recent (Late Islamic Period). The majority of the pottery sherds at Qarn Safwan are Late Islamic, (such as 'Julfar heavy in relation to their food value, and have a tendency to die and spoil, one wonders why they were ware' and 'manganese purple ware') and the excellent not transported salted and dried, as abalones are in presevation of the shellssuggests a relatively recent southern Oman today (ElMahi 1 998). Moreover, a high origin. Some even retain some of their colour and proportion of the shells found were clearly dead beachpattern (especialy Spondylus marisrubri and Cardites bicolor). Shells from Khudayrah were more fragmented and bleached. Although this my indicate an older date, collected shells of no food value at all. Similarly the coral pieces have no food value. Secondly* the great diversity amongst the shells the stone and gravel substrate is likely to be harder on requires some discussion. Some of the species the shelfs than the sand at Safwan, while the pottery recorded are not species normally associated with Tribulus Vol. 1 5.1 Spring/Surnrner 2005 11 1 5 2 1 1 0 0 0
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