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IGIDR Annual Report 2009-2010 - Indira Gandhi Institute of ...

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Research Activities<br />

political. affiliation. significantly. affect. fund.<br />

utilization..It.also.concludes.that.a.higher.level.<strong>of</strong>.<br />

awareness. <strong>of</strong>. general. citizens. and. better. law. and.<br />

order. conditions. in. States. restrict. the. MPs. from.<br />

misusing.funds.to.gain.political.mileage.<br />

Srijit. Mishra’s. “Counter. Conflict. through.<br />

Mutuality:. Lessons. from. Bayesian. Updating”.<br />

uses. Bayesian. updating. to. deterministic. priors,.<br />

and. explains. the. persistence. <strong>of</strong>. a. fundamentalist.<br />

belief.. Under. such. a. belief. system,. if. conditional.<br />

evidence. is. diametrically. opposite. and. is. also.<br />

deterministic,. then. a. process. <strong>of</strong>. change. can. set.<br />

in..In.situations.<strong>of</strong>.conflict,.this.could.be.explored.<br />

through.dialogue.that.calls.for.mutual.respect.and.<br />

allows. reasonable. pluralism.. In. situations. where.<br />

interaction. is. the. basis,. self-defeating. scenarios.<br />

can.be.avoided.by.giving.space.to.others..Thus,.in.<br />

the.political.sphere.one.has.to.be.accommodative..<br />

Showing.concern.towards.others.also.make.things.<br />

easier.for.deterring.conflicts.<br />

Labor economics<br />

In. the. paper. titled. “Impact. <strong>of</strong>. Communist. Parties.<br />

on. the. Individual. Decision. to. Join. Trade. Union:.<br />

Evidence.from.India”,.(The Developing Economies,.<br />

forthcoming.in.Vol..48,.No..4,.<strong>2010</strong>).Rupayan.Pal.<br />

analyzes. the. impact. <strong>of</strong>. the. reach. <strong>of</strong>. ‘communist.<br />

parties’,.the.degree.<strong>of</strong>.political.activism,.personal.<br />

attributes.<strong>of</strong>.workers,.and.industrial.characteristics.<br />

on. the. individual. decision. to. unionize. for. Indian.<br />

non-agricultural.regular.workers.using.micro.data.<br />

from.the.2004-05.Employment.and.Unemployment.<br />

Survey,. NSSO,. linked. to. state-level. factors..<br />

A. notable. result. is. that. the. reach. <strong>of</strong>. communist.<br />

parties. has. considerable. effect. on. unionization.<br />

probability..Moreover,.it.seems.that.mere.existence.<br />

<strong>of</strong>. ‘communist. parties’. in. a. state. also. facilitates.<br />

unionization. to. some. extent.. State-level. political.<br />

activism. and. unemployment. rate. also. influence.<br />

the. individual. decision. to. be. unionist.. The. paper.<br />

concludes.also.that.worker’s.gender,.marital.status,.<br />

ethnic.background,.employment.status,.experience,.<br />

occupation,. sector. <strong>of</strong>. employment,. establishment.<br />

size,.and.type.<strong>of</strong>.industry.remain.important.in.the.<br />

determination.<strong>of</strong>.union.membership.<br />

international trade<br />

In. their. paper. “Ranking. Countries:. What. Can. We.<br />

Learn.from.India’s.Imports?”.(Journal <strong>of</strong> Quantitative<br />

Economics,. Vol. 7,. No.2,. July. <strong>2009</strong>),. Abhiroop.<br />

Mukhopadhyay,. S.. Chandrasekhar. and. Rajendra. R.<br />

Vaidya. derive. country. ranks. using. disaggregated.<br />

Indian. import. data. over. 1991-2005. by. using.<br />

the. intuition. that. developed. countries. would.<br />

export.more.advanced.goods.to.India.earlier.than.<br />

other. countries.. Their. ranks. take. into. account.<br />

censorship. in. the. data,. i.e.. the. possibility. that.<br />

some. countries. may. be. too. advanced. or. too.<br />

primitive.to.export.a.commodity.during.the.period.<br />

<strong>of</strong>. our. study.. Their. results. highlight. the. rise. <strong>of</strong>.<br />

China. as. a. major. trading. powerhouse.. They. find.<br />

that. after. controlling. for. distance,. the. per. capita.<br />

GDP.and.workforce.<strong>of</strong>.the.country.are.significant.<br />

determinants.<strong>of</strong>.their.rank.ordering.<br />

It. has. been. observed. that. outward. direct.<br />

investment. from. China. and. India. has. surged.<br />

during. the. last. decade,. though. they. are. as. yet.<br />

developing. economies,. with. low. ranking. <strong>of</strong>. their.<br />

per. capita. domestic. output. at. current. exchange.<br />

rate.. In. order. to. explain. the. reasons. for. the.<br />

surge,. and. whether. or. not. such. outflows. follow.<br />

the. historical. pattern,. or. whether. they. represent.<br />

something. new. and. different,. R.. Nagaraj. in. his.<br />

note. “Outward. FDI. from. China. and. India:. A.<br />

Preliminary. Comparison”,. (in. Hideki. Esho. and.<br />

Peng. Xu. edited. International Competitiveness,<br />

Globalisation and Multinationalisation <strong>of</strong> Firms:<br />

A Comparison <strong>of</strong> China and India,. <strong>Institute</strong>. <strong>of</strong>.<br />

Comparative.Economic.Studies,.Hosei.University,.<br />

Tokyo). <strong>of</strong>fers. an. answer,. using. mostly. aggregate.<br />

economic.statistics..<br />

Trade. liberalization. is. expected. to. bring. about.<br />

<strong>Indira</strong> <strong>Gandhi</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> Development Research 17

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