in theory and practice - Oxfam Canada

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Participant Experience What are different approaches to international development? Rights-based approach: The rights holders do not have the ability (be that knowledge, capacity, or resources) to fulfill their rights. It is most often women who cannot fulfill their rights. Needs-based approach: People living in poverty deserve help and support, no matter who provides it and how long they can provide it for. Services should be designed to target and meet the needs of the most vulnerable - mainly women and marginalized groups. Market-based approach: An economy with a fully able working population and an enabling environment will experience sustainable, inclusive, and equitable economic growth. It focuses on identifying economic opportunities for those in poverty - specifically focusing on the role of women as economic and entrepreneurial agents. How does each approach best ensure food security? Rights-based approach: Women produce upwards of 60% of food in most developing countries – given their crucial role in food production and provision, sustainable food security strategies must include ensuring access to land, credit and other productivity enhancing inputs and services for women. Needs-based approach: This perspective focuses on the basic human requires of food, water, shelter and security – those in famine and drought stricken areas will receive food aid or cash transfers. Market-based approach: This approach looks to increase agricultural productivity among all farmers (i.e. inputs such as land, credit, seeds, etc.) and connect farmers and consumers to local markets to increase their market participation. How does each approach best ensure food security? Rights-based approach: Women produce upwards of 60% of food in most developing countries – given their crucial role in food production and provision, sustainable food security strategies must include ensuring access to land, credit and other productivity enhancing inputs and services for women. Needs-based approach: This perspective focuses on the basic human requires of food, water, shelter and security – those in famine and drought stricken areas will receive food aid or cash transfers. Market-based approach: This approach looks to increase agricultural productivity among all farmers (i.e. inputs such as land, credit, seeds, etc.) and connect farmers and consumers to local markets to increase their market participation. 20
How do these theories work together to help poverty reduction? The rights-based approach and market-based approach can work together to address systemic issues in poverty and gender equality. First, by women leading and realizing their own rights, second, by empowering women to become economically active and productive, leading to prosperity and poverty reduction. The needs-based approach is most effective in emergency situations, such as drought or floods. How do we see Oxfam’s approach in real life? The rights-based approach can be conceptualized in many different ways, but the example that was examined was the case of a farmer’s association in Cuba called ANAP which represented thousands of farmers. Oxfam Canada worked with ANAP to develop a gender strategy, and then helped its implementation. Activities included spreading the gender strategy through magazines and radio, conducting gender workshops, and the provision of a fund that communities could use to further gender equality in their communities (through sensitization activities). What are next steps, goals, discussions, etc? Discussion should continue on what exactly are the best approaches for food security, women’s rights and poverty reduction To help with tabling and communicating Oxfam Canada to others, ensure that your group understands the differences of the three approaches and why Oxfam Canada utilizes a rights-based approach 21
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in theory and practice - Oxfam Canada

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