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Nanofiber - UMT Admin Panel
Nanofiber - UMT Admin Panel
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<strong>Nanofiber</strong>s- preparation and<br />
potential applications<br />
Zeeshan Khatri, Kai Wei and Ick-Soo Kim<br />
Shinshu University<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Lab.
Zeeshan Khatri<br />
BE Textile; ME Textile; PE; CText ATI; CCol ASDC<br />
Dr. Eng. Student<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group<br />
Faculty of Textile Science and Technology<br />
Shinshu University, Nagano, JAPAN<br />
Lecturer<br />
Department of Textile Engineering<br />
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro<br />
2<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
「 信 州 大 学 繊 維 学 部 」<br />
Ueda,<br />
Japan<br />
3<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Shinshu University is located in Nagano Prefecture<br />
The Japan Alps<br />
Winter Olympic Game in 1998 Old castle Hot spring<br />
4<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Contents<br />
Introduction: Why <strong>Nanofiber</strong>?<br />
Potential Applications<br />
& Recent Research Achievements<br />
Nano-Fiber Production System<br />
5<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
What is Nano?<br />
1 nm is to a tennis ball<br />
what a tennis ball is to the Earth<br />
10 7 m<br />
Tennis ball<br />
1 nm = 10 -9<br />
6<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
7<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Introduction: Why <strong>Nanofiber</strong>?<br />
10 μm<br />
Small but Great Effect !<br />
from Phillip Gibson and Heidi Schreuder-Gibson,<br />
U.S. Army Soldier Systems Center, Natick<br />
8<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Electrospun <strong>Nanofiber</strong>s: Electrostatic Spinning<br />
9<br />
Copper Wire<br />
Syringe<br />
Polymer<br />
Needle<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> ・・・<br />
Charged fibers<br />
Positive<br />
Electrode<br />
Single Jet<br />
Rotating Metallic Collector<br />
Schematic of electrospinning<br />
Power Supply<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
3D structure of<br />
E-spun fibers<br />
One of top-down manufacturing processes<br />
to produce polymer fibers<br />
History<br />
Electrospinning<br />
1902 Initiative<br />
1934 Patenting (By Formhals)<br />
Early 1990s Activation (By Reneker)<br />
Characteristics of electrospinning;<br />
- Various polymers are available<br />
- Low cost for production<br />
- Controlled diameter of the fibers<br />
from nano- to micrometers<br />
- Easy processing<br />
- Direction preparation of fabric sheets<br />
System parameters<br />
- Mw &MWD, architecture(branched,<br />
linear<br />
etc.) of the polymer<br />
-Solution properties (viscosity,<br />
conductivity, and surface tension)<br />
Processing parameters<br />
- Applied voltage, flow rate, concentration,<br />
distance between the capillary tip and<br />
collector, ambient parameters<br />
(temperature, humidity, air velocity in<br />
the<br />
chamber)<br />
- Motion of collector<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Organic Polymers for Electrospinning<br />
Nylon6, Nylon66,<br />
PVC, PU, PVC/PU,<br />
PVA, PVAc, PAN,<br />
PEI, PC, PSF, etc.<br />
Nylon6, Nylon66, PU,<br />
PVA, PVAc, PAN, PEI,<br />
etc.<br />
-Biodegradable<br />
polymers :PCL, PLA,<br />
PLGA, etc.<br />
PU, PU/PVC, PCL<br />
Nylon6, Nylon66,<br />
PSF, etc.<br />
Coating Nonwoven Filaments<br />
5 μm 1 μm<br />
10 μm<br />
Key Technologies<br />
10<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Various Nanostructured Electrospun <strong>Nanofiber</strong>s<br />
Randomly deposited<br />
nanofibers<br />
Aligned nanofibers<br />
Porous fibers<br />
Porous fibers<br />
Twisted ribbon fibers<br />
Cross-section images<br />
11<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Various Electrospun <strong>Nanofiber</strong>s<br />
PVA<br />
Poly(1-butene)<br />
Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)<br />
Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)<br />
PP<br />
Polystyrene(PS)<br />
Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)<br />
Cellulose acetate<br />
PVP<br />
Nylon-6<br />
Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)(PMP)<br />
Nylon66, PVC, PAN,<br />
PU<br />
Silk<br />
Poly(ether ketone)<br />
PES, PCL, PLA etc.<br />
2μm<br />
12<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
<strong>Nanofiber</strong>s: volumetry in biomedical publications since 2000<br />
This chart was built by searching PubMed for publications mentionning<br />
nanofiber or nanofibers in their title or abstract.<br />
13<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Potential Applications<br />
&<br />
Recent Research Achievements<br />
14<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Various Applications<br />
Air filter<br />
Advantages<br />
Large specific<br />
surface area<br />
Disadvantages<br />
Low<br />
mechanical properties<br />
Liquid filter<br />
Battery<br />
separator<br />
Low air resistance<br />
Small pore size<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong><br />
Wes<br />
Difficulty of<br />
mass production<br />
Risks<br />
on human health<br />
Outdoor wear<br />
Lightweight<br />
Environmental pollution<br />
Medical uses<br />
Carbon Fiber<br />
Clean-room<br />
wiper<br />
15<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Recent Research Achievements<br />
Advanced Electrospinning<br />
Spinning Techniques<br />
Solution electrospinning<br />
Melt-blown electrospinning<br />
Hand spinning<br />
Ultrasonic Electrospinning<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> Assembly<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> filaments<br />
High strength nanofiber filaments<br />
Shape memory nanofiber filaments<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> tubes<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> capsules<br />
Energy<br />
Electrics/Electronics<br />
Metal nanofibers<br />
Catalysts<br />
EMI shielding materials<br />
Filters<br />
Separators<br />
Electrodes<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong>s<br />
Healthcare<br />
Biomedical<br />
Nanofibrous scaffolds<br />
Wound dressing<br />
Drug delivery carriers<br />
Hydrogel nanofibers<br />
16<br />
Nano-Characterization<br />
Tensile test of single nanofibers<br />
Friction test<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Mass Production System<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> Mass Production<br />
System<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Pressure Drop<br />
Marketed Filter<br />
With <strong>Nanofiber</strong><br />
10 μm 10 μm<br />
Nano Filter Advantage<br />
• 低 い 圧 力 損 失<br />
• 高 い 集 塵 効 率<br />
• 長 寿 命 ,リサイクル<br />
( 表 面 濾 過 方 式 による)<br />
Depth Filtration<br />
Surface Filtration<br />
Dust<br />
Dust<br />
Finish Point of Life Time<br />
With <strong>Nanofiber</strong><br />
Marketed filter<br />
Time<br />
17<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
ULPA, HEPA and <strong>Nanofiber</strong><br />
3 layer<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> Web<br />
SB Nonwoven<br />
Air<br />
Permeability<br />
(cc/cm 2 /sec)<br />
Pressure drop<br />
(mmH2O)<br />
Efficiency<br />
(%)<br />
HEPA 5.4 20.5 99.9<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> 14.7 5.8 HEPA 同 等<br />
ULPA 2.01 34.7 99.999<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> 11.5 7.8 UEPA 同 等<br />
18<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Efficiency(%)<br />
Filters<br />
Marketed Filter<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> Filter<br />
Trapping mechanism<br />
Mechanical<br />
capture (pore size)<br />
Adsorption<br />
(Ionic bond , etc.)<br />
Mechanical capture<br />
(pore size)<br />
Bacteria retention<br />
ability<br />
100<br />
80<br />
Efficiency test<br />
Removal efficiency (%) 80 ~ 99 99.999<br />
6 0<br />
40<br />
Particles Water<br />
20<br />
0<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> Web<br />
Marketed<br />
Membrane<br />
Particle size (µm)<br />
Hydrophilic Polymer (Nylon, PU, etc)<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> Membrane<br />
19<br />
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Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Air<br />
Water<br />
Hydrophobic Polymer (PU, etc)<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> Membrane<br />
Physical Property Sample 2005 Sample 2007 Test Method<br />
Thickness (micron) 15 14 JIS L1096<br />
Air Permeability (cc/cm・sec) 0.80±0.05 0.50±0.05 JIS L1096A<br />
Water-proofness (mmH 2 O) 5,000±100 12,000±500 JIS L1092B<br />
Vapor Transmission Rate(g/m 2 ・24hr) 140,000±5,000 160,000±5,000 JIS L1099B-2<br />
20<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Counts<br />
Nano-Wiper<br />
Airborne Particle Counter<br />
50<br />
40<br />
Marketed Product<br />
Nano Wiper<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
100 200 300 400 500 600<br />
Particle Size (nm)<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong>s<br />
dusts<br />
dusts<br />
Commercial wiper<br />
Nano wiper<br />
Contains the size of particles<br />
ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 microns<br />
21<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
fungi<br />
virus<br />
Dust size: 3~5μm<br />
Virus size: 0.1~0.3μm<br />
Nano fiber<br />
+<br />
Antibacterial powder<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong>-Mask<br />
Nanomask<br />
・lightweight<br />
・Low constricting of the breath<br />
・Blocking of harmful substances and providing<br />
immune function.(99.9%high antivirus function)<br />
Bacteria : Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352<br />
Standard fabric : Cotton<br />
Blank<br />
Sample<br />
Normal Mask<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> Mask<br />
At beginning 2.0×10 4 2.0×10 4<br />
After 18 hrs 4.5×10 7 5.8×10 7<br />
Bacteriostatic<br />
reduction rate<br />
- 0<br />
At beginning 2.0×10 4 2.0×10 4<br />
After 18 hrs 4.5×10 7
<strong>Nanofiber</strong>-Wallpaper<br />
Nano Wallpaper (Nanofilm+Paper+Nonwoven)<br />
After 2 weeks<br />
*We see only a stain that is not mold.<br />
一 般<br />
ナノ<br />
23<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Metallized nanofibers<br />
Metalized <strong>Nanofiber</strong>s<br />
Electrospinning<br />
2μm<br />
Ag: Antimicrobial<br />
Cu: Electrical conductivity<br />
Au, Ni: Catalytically / electrical<br />
TiO 2 : Anti-UV / photocatalysis<br />
Other materials<br />
Metal deposited PU nanofiber web<br />
Metal Deposition<br />
Targeted<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> webs<br />
(a)<br />
Metal<br />
vapor<br />
Metal<br />
Crucible<br />
Resistive<br />
Heater<br />
< 10 -6 Torr<br />
24<br />
(a)<br />
Vacuum<br />
Pump<br />
Shinshu University, (b) Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Metallized nanofibers<br />
Metal nanofibers<br />
Pure PU nanofiber<br />
web<br />
Deposition<br />
Ⅰ. Pure PU<br />
Ⅱ.10nm Cu-deposited PU nanofiber web<br />
Ⅲ. 50nm Cu-deposited PU nanofiber web<br />
Ⅳ. 100nm Cu-deposited PU nanofiber web<br />
Metal deposited PU nanofiber<br />
web<br />
25<br />
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Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> Assembly: <strong>Nanofiber</strong> Filaments<br />
High strength nanofiber filaments<br />
高 分 子 ナノ 繊 維 からなる 糸 の 製 造 方 法 特 願 2010-081120<br />
1) Electrospinning 2)Slitting and twisting<br />
3cm 1.8×10 -4 Ω・m<br />
26<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> Assembly: Aligned <strong>Nanofiber</strong>s<br />
Aligned nanofibers<br />
n<br />
N. Kimura, H. K. Kim, B. S. Kim, K. H. Lee, I. S. Kim, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2010, 295, 1090-1096.<br />
27<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> Assembly: <strong>Nanofiber</strong> Filaments<br />
Shape memory nanofiber filaments<br />
1) Electrospinning 2)Slitting and twisting 3)Silicone coating & curing 4) Shape memory<br />
behavior<br />
Y. Lee, et al., to be submitted (2011).<br />
28<br />
X. Luo, P. T. Mather, Macromolecules 2009, 42, 7251-7253.<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Blood Sugar Bio-sensor<br />
cellulose<br />
10 μm<br />
Expected blood sugar Bio-sensor<br />
Using Nano-fibers<br />
‣ Very high sensitive<br />
‣ Faster<br />
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Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Sensor Field<br />
Output<br />
molecule<br />
metal-oxidesemiconductor<br />
Chemical reaction<br />
(Redox reaction et.al )<br />
Current<br />
generation<br />
Sensor mechanism<br />
(Gas sensor, humidity sensor et.al.)<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong><br />
High Sensitve<br />
Sensor<br />
Because…<br />
High surface-to-volume ratio<br />
→ reaction area up!!<br />
pump<br />
Response time = 8 s<br />
High voltage<br />
Power supply<br />
Response time = 100 s<br />
Polyimide tape<br />
for masking<br />
Meltng<br />
substrate<br />
High speed response<br />
30<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Comparing response of bulk PPy and PPy nanofibers<br />
upon exposure to 20ppm of NH 3 .<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Tissue Engineering<br />
The typical tissue<br />
engineering approach.<br />
Combination<br />
•Cells<br />
•Engineering<br />
•Materials<br />
•Suitable biochemical<br />
•Physio-chemical factors<br />
1. Remove cells<br />
2. Expand number in culture<br />
3. Seed onto an appropriate scaffold<br />
4. Place into culture<br />
5. Re-implant engineered tissue repair<br />
damaged site<br />
31<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Tissue Engineering<br />
Proteoglycan<br />
Collagen fiber<br />
Hyaluronic acid<br />
Fibronectin<br />
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)<br />
The extracellular matrix is part of animal<br />
tissue that usually provides structural<br />
support to the cells in addition to<br />
performing various other important<br />
functions.<br />
Seeking to imitate the functions of ECM,<br />
we used many method. These mainly<br />
involve the use of synthetic scaffolds<br />
fabricated from biocompatible materials<br />
to carry, support and guide cells towards<br />
tissue regeneration.<br />
Function of scaffold material<br />
・Biocompatibility<br />
・ Moderate strength<br />
・ Supporting to cell proliferation and<br />
differentiation<br />
32<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Biomedical Application: Scaffolds<br />
With <strong>Nanofiber</strong><br />
Without<br />
Mouse<br />
Good loosely connected 3D porous mats<br />
- high porosity and high surface area<br />
×40 After<br />
3weeks<br />
• Commercially available synthetic polymer<br />
polylactide (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL),<br />
poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), and their copolymers etc.<br />
and especially synthesised novel biomaterials that<br />
are designed<br />
33<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
34<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
ポアサイズの 拡 大 化<br />
Kai Wei, Yuan Li, Kyu-Oh Kim, Yuya Nakagawa, Byoung-Suhk Kim, Koji<br />
Abe, Guo-Qiang Chen, Ick-Soo Kim.<br />
Fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite on electrospun silk fibroin nanofiber and<br />
their effects in osteoblastic behavior.<br />
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A. IF:3.044<br />
研 究 目 的<br />
35<br />
細 胞 培 養 の 高 効 率 化 に 向 けた<br />
ナノファイバー 不 織 布 の 形 態 制 御<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Biomedical Application: Blood Vessel Prosthesis<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> tube<br />
Blood vessel prosthesis<br />
Cross-section part<br />
Surface part<br />
36<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Meadox Exxcel TM<br />
ePTFE Vascular Grafts<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Post operation,<br />
regenerated<br />
nerve<br />
4 months<br />
Electrospun Collagen/PCL<br />
nerve guide conduit<br />
Electrospun PLGA/PCL nerve<br />
guide conduit<br />
37<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
38<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
39<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
40<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
41<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
42<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
10<br />
μm<br />
100 μm<br />
43<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Cell Adhesion Behavior<br />
44<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> capsule<br />
: 3D wrapping/coating by Electrospinning Method<br />
4) PLA nanofiber capsule<br />
• Nanoparticles (ex. TiO2, ZnO3, Silica, Etc.)<br />
• Nano micelles with drugs<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> tube<br />
Cross-section part<br />
Surface part<br />
45<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Smart drug delivery<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong>s<br />
• To enhance the<br />
therapeutic activity by<br />
prolonging drug half-life<br />
• To be released through<br />
diffusion system<br />
In vivo<br />
•Glucose reaction<br />
Nanoparticles<br />
• Improving solubility of<br />
hydrophobic drugs<br />
• Reducing potential<br />
immunogenicity<br />
46<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Core-Shell<br />
Nanostructured<br />
Particles<br />
O<br />
CH 3<br />
O CH 2<br />
C<br />
N<br />
O<br />
R<br />
Si<br />
Si<br />
O<br />
O<br />
Si<br />
CH 2 H H 3 C<br />
O<br />
O<br />
Si<br />
n<br />
Si<br />
O<br />
R<br />
R<br />
C O<br />
R Si<br />
O O<br />
Si O<br />
CH Si R Si<br />
N<br />
3<br />
R<br />
O<br />
O<br />
R<br />
H<br />
Si<br />
O<br />
R<br />
Si<br />
Si R<br />
H 3 C<br />
O<br />
O<br />
Si<br />
Si O<br />
R<br />
R Si<br />
O O<br />
Si O<br />
Si R<br />
O<br />
Si R<br />
R<br />
PEG-POSS Telechelic<br />
POSS<br />
Hydrophobic Segment<br />
PEG<br />
Hydrophilic Segment<br />
47<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
The drug release behavior according to<br />
diffusion controlled mechanism is usually<br />
governed by the following equation,<br />
n = 0.87<br />
diffusion or non-frictian diffusion<br />
M t /M = kt n<br />
where M is the total amount of insulin in<br />
dosage form, M t is the amount of insulin<br />
released at time t, k is kinetic constant, and n<br />
is diffusion or release exponent constant.<br />
K.O. Kim, B.S. Kim, I.S. Kim, Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 2011, 2, 201-206.<br />
48<br />
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Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> Production<br />
Systems<br />
49<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
Global Companies Worldwide for <strong>Nanofiber</strong><br />
Production<br />
E 社<br />
N 社<br />
● Development of nanofiber production<br />
equipment by global companies worldwide<br />
● Currently developed equipment in lab scale:<br />
60cm in width and max. 0.5m/min in capacity<br />
● For mass production of the nanofibers,<br />
facility development, polymer recipe, electrical,<br />
electronics, and control of the complex<br />
technologies should be proceeded.<br />
F 社<br />
M 社<br />
K 社<br />
D 社<br />
Nano-I<br />
50<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
TOPTEC´s Unique <strong>Nanofiber</strong> Production System<br />
<strong>Nanofiber</strong> Mass Production Plant<br />
51<br />
Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
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Shinshu University, Japan<br />
Nano Fusion Technology Research Group
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