The Hawaiian spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris: Effects of tourism.

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26 Figure 2. The island of Hawai’i and Kealake’kua Bay. Figure 3. Kealake’kua Bay Marine Life Conservation District depicting subzones A and B
27 CHAPTER III OCCURRENCE AND BEHAVIORS OF SPINNER DOLPHINS AND HUMANS IN KEALAKE’KUA BAY, HAWAI'I. Objectives The specific objectives to be discussed in this chapter are: 1) To document dolphin behaviors and occurrence in Kealake’kua Bay 2) To document human activities in Kealake’kua Bay Methods Data were collected from an observation site 55 m above the mean low water level on a steep slope at the back of the bay, just north of the beach at Kealake’kua Bay State Park, Napo'opo'o, Hawai'i. The entire confines of the Kealake’kua Bay were visible from this observation platform. This same cliff-site was used in studies conducted between 1970 and 1981 by Norris et al. (1994). My assistants and I monitored Kealake’kua Bay between 28 August, 1993 and 7 July, 1994, on days when visibility was clear enough to see the entire confines of the bay, and the waters within Kealake’kua Bay were generally of Beaufort sea state (BSS) 3 or less. On days when dolphins were present within the bay, observations of their activities were made until they left or until weather conditions (BSS or sunlight) rendered observations unreliable. Daily observations were concluded by noon if dolphins had not arrived by that time. The total number of dolphins and humans (swimmers, kayaks, & motor boats) in Kealake’kua Bay were counted at the start of every hour. Swimmers near the Captain
Page 1 and 2: 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Documented
Page 3 and 4: 3 avoid areas within 10 km of activ
Page 5 and 6: 5 displayed a significant reduction
Page 7 and 8: 7 a linear model, the vessel explai
Page 9 and 10: 9 decreasing their surface times (C
Page 11 and 12: 11 Hector's dolphins, Cephalorhynch
Page 13 and 14: 13 a killer whale (Herman and Tavol
Page 15 and 16: 15 The Marine Mammal Protection Act
Page 17 and 18: 17 Dearden 1993, Thompson et al. 19
Page 19 and 20: 19 dorsal surface and a white ventr
Page 21 and 22: 21 some areas consistently have mor
Page 23 and 24: 23 Aerial Behaviors Spinner dolphin
Page 25: 25 Norris and Dohl 1980). Increases
Page 29 and 30: 29 Thirty-five observation days wit
Page 31 and 32: Figure 4 31
Page 33 and 34: Figure 6a,b 33
Page 35 and 36: Figure 8a 35
Page 37 and 38: 37 Most human activities that were
Page 39 and 40: Table 1 39
Page 41 and 42: 41 Discussion Norris et al. (1994 )
Page 43 and 44: 43 The correlation between number o
Page 45 and 46: 45 to perform. If the dolphins do,
Page 47 and 48: 47 times motor boats approached and
Page 49 and 50: 49 On one occasion, a swimmer obser
Page 51 and 52: Figure 11a, b 51
Page 55 and 56: 55 Figure 15. Square root of aerial
Page 57 and 58: 57 Figure 18a. Spinner dolphin surf
Page 59 and 60: 59 3.6 2 Square root of aerial acti
Page 61 and 62: 61 Figure 21a. Square root of aeria
Page 65 and 66: 65 Figure 25a. Square root of aeria
Page 71 and 72: 71 Discussion Swimmer and kayak dis
Page 73 and 74: 73 morning than in the afternoon, t
Page 75 and 76: 75 used by some boat operators resu
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77 reduced energy levels, then incr
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79 LITERATURE CITED Acevedo, A. 199
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81 Cooke, J. 1991. Classification a
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83 Gordon, J. and Moscrop, A. 1996.
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85 Montero, R., Martin, V., Heimlic
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87 Associates Inc., Bryan, Texas. F
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89 Wells, R. S. and Norris, K. S. 1
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The Hawaiian spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris: Effects of tourism.

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