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tamgas or tamghas; cf. Scandinavian bumerker

tamgas or tamghas; cf. Scandinavian bumerker

tamgas or tamghas; cf. Scandinavian bumerker

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Things were added and subtracted in <strong>tamgas</strong> to distinguish fathers and son <strong>or</strong> to<br />

mark social alliances <strong>or</strong> marriages, etc.—much as in Western heraldry. Multisign<br />

<strong>tamgas</strong> were also f<strong>or</strong>med at times to mark social <strong>or</strong> political compacts.<br />

Suggestions of similar processes show up in late Indus inscriptions, which<br />

sometimes seem to combine in a kind of ‘cartouche’ principle .<br />

England Alone<br />

Tamgas of four Bosp<strong>or</strong>an kings<br />

(Ol’hovskij 2001, after Solomonik 1959)<br />

England + Scotland<br />

+ Ireland = United<br />

Kingdom<br />

United Kingdom as<br />

viewed from<br />

Scotland

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