WIND - SAG Baumstatik eV

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Urban tree failure •Causes injury and property damage Arborists face issues of LIABILITY How to assess tree stability Can a structural analysis of a tree help KJ ISAAC 2010 4
Structural Analysis of trees Structural Analysis based on these assumptions; • Plants, like all other types of organisms cannot violate the laws of physics. (Niklas 1992) • As trees grow in size and height, the added biomass develops greater self-loading, and also exposes the upper reaches of the tree to higher wind speeds, which develop larger bending moments at its base, (Niklas and Spatz 2000). • Moments Unit (kNm) – Wind Load KJ ISAAC 2010 5
Page 1 and 2: Tree Stability in Winds Ken James,
Page 3: Tree stability assessment Current m
Page 7 and 8: STATIC Current methods of structura
Page 9 and 10: Tree shapes - branch are important
Page 11 and 12: Urban trees - branch sway dominates
Page 13 and 14: Measuring wind loads on trees- Stra
Page 15 and 16: Strainmeter • Attaches to base of
Page 17 and 18: Measuring wind loads on trees • A
Page 19 and 20: Dynamic sensors on trees N/S & E/W
Page 21 and 22: Wind Loads - Hoop pine KJ 21
Page 23 and 24: Wind Loads - Hoop pine Use data to;
Page 25 and 26: Palm • Height 18.1 m • dbh 0.43
Page 27 and 28: Wind Load - palm KJ 27
Page 29 and 30: Palm KJ ISA 2009 29
Page 31 and 32: Palms as structures •Flexible •
Page 33 and 34: Wind Load - palm KJ 33
Page 35 and 36: Wind dir Spotted gum, Monash Uni KJ
Page 37 and 38: Tree dynamics, E. grandis, wind loa
Page 39 and 40: Wind load (logarithmic) KJ ISA 2009
Page 41 and 42: Branch dynamics KJ 41
Page 43 and 44: Wind forces on branches! up or down
Page 45 and 46: Tree motion Harmonic motion Do tree
Page 47 and 48: Tree motion - harmonic Spectrum Pea
Page 49 and 50: Current dynamic tree models Woods,
Page 51 and 52: New Dynamic Tree Model - with dynam
Page 53 and 54: Features of the new dynamic model A
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Tuned mass damped Structure Buildin
Page 57 and 58:
Tuned mass damper 730 tonnes Reduce
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Real tree sway is complex Normal sp
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No mass damping, US - style KJ 61
Page 63 and 64:
Static Pull test • Rope and contr
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Static pull test - Advantages • M
Page 67 and 68:
Tree characteristics that influence
Page 69 and 70:
AN example of tree stability Trees
Page 71 and 72:
Tree heights 30 20 Urban trees Plan
Page 73 and 74:
Tree height - convert to slendernes
Page 75 and 76:
Plantation trees • Height 15m •
Page 77 and 78:
Allometry - size and shape Human si
Page 79 and 80:
Wind tunnel - scale model Small mod
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Tree Structural analysis Statics ve
Page 83 and 84:
Dynamics - two masses Two masses Tw
Page 85 and 86:
Dynamic solutions • Complex • S
Page 87 and 88:
Pruning farm trees KJ ISA 2009 87
Page 89 and 90:
Remove branches more sway occurs
Page 91 and 92:
Pruning - comment James Urban 2008
Page 93 and 94:
Fatality Melbourne Thur Jun 28, 200
Page 95 and 96:
Failure is “not all at once” Ne
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Wind damage to tree - Burnley 3 Apr
Page 99 and 100:
Location - Monash Campus Building 3
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Root plate KJ ISA 2009 101
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Picture courtesy TreeLogic KJ ISA 2
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Picture courtesy TreeLogic KJ ISA 2
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Problem - Keep or remove Convention
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Strainmeters on trunk KJ ISA 2009 1
Page 111 and 112:
Static Pull Results Pull North 56 k
Page 113 and 114:
Wind sensor and tree Cup anemometer
Page 115 and 116:
KJ ISA 2009 115
Page 117 and 118:
Spotted Gum - Biggest gust Wind dir
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Wind loads - dynamic Static Pull No
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North Wind Force Monash University,
Page 123 and 124:
Monash University, Wind Storm - 2 A
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Peak moment during storm Static pul
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Case study 2 Trees and Wind loading
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20 m Pin Oak KJ ISA 2009 129
Page 131 and 132:
Pin Oak over concrete pipe Wind loa
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Discussion - Statics and Dynamics
Page 135 and 136:
The End KJ ISA 2009 135
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Tree - Cupressus sempervirens WIND
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Cypress - dynamic motion KJ ISA 200
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Red gum - gust APR08 Wind & Trees S
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Comparison - pre/post pruning Wind
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Comparison - pre/post pruning APR08
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1jan06 - k1419 E teretecornus #1 Sa
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Wind Speeds Windthrow & Breakage Cu
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