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85 Prime Research on Medicine is also used for patients suffering from kidney troubles. Tribes wear a piece of root (2-3 cm long) in white thread on waist, as magical cure of asthma 8. Butea monosperma (Lamk.) Taub. Local Name - Palash/Dhak Family - Fabaceae Parts used - Stem, flower and seeds Traditional uses - It cures diarrhoea, dysentery, asthma and inflammation of testicles. Tribes prescribe paste of the cotyledons with country liquor (3:1) to women for three days at the end of menstruation period to check pregnancy. 9. Calotropis procera (Ait) R. Br. Local Name - Akra Family - Asclepiadaceae Parts used - All parts are useful including latex. Traditional uses - The leaves of aak are warmed and tied around any body organ in pain. It is particularly useful in backache and in joint pains. Warm leaves also relieve from stomach pain if tied around and inhalation of burnt leaves cure headache. Leaf latex if applied on fresh cuts, stops bleeding immediately. Tribes use the latex for fish poisoning. 10. Cassia tora Linn. Local Name - Chakra mard Family - Fabaceae Parts used - Whole plant Traditional uses - It is useful in stomach troubles and reduce body fat. It also cures skin diseases like leucoderma and leprosy. Some ethnic communities apply fresh leaf juice like tincture of iodine. 11. Catharanthus roseus (Linn.) G. Don. Local Name - Sadhabahar Family - Apocynaceae Parts used - Whole plant including latex. Traditional uses - The plant leaves have been traditionally used for long time for the treatment of diabetes. It also cures leukemia and useful for the treatment of blood pressure, piles and epilepsy. 12. Croton roxburghii Balak. Local Name - Croton Family - Euphorbiaceae Parts used - Root and root bark Traditional uses - It is used for the treatment of rheumatic swellings, scabies and as antidote to snake venom. Root bark paste applied for the treatment of hydrocele and cholera. Tribes use fresh root bark as an indicator for detecting poisoning effects. 13. Euphorbia hirta Linn. Local Name - Dudhi Family - Euphorbiaceae Parts used - Milky latex Traditional uses - It has beneficial effects on the heart, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. It also cures stomach disorders including diarrhoea, dysentery and urino-genital disorders. 14. Ficus bengalensis Linn. Local Name - Bargad/Banyan tree Family - Moraceae Parts used - Milky latex, leaves and roots Traditional uses - The plant is useful in cough, arthritis, pain and sprain, tooth problems, leprosy, skin problems and venereal diseases. Some tribes believe that the tree is a abode of Bonga. If anybody fells the tree, he either will die or will suffer from incurable diseases. 15. Ficus religiosa Linn. Local Name - Pipal Family - Moraceae Parts used - Stem bark and latex Traditional uses - It is useful in haematuria or bleeding piles. It is given to women after delivery as contraceptive. 16. Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce. Local Name - Khejari Family - Fabaceae Parts used - Fruits, stem and bark Traditional uses - The fruits have anabolic properties and its regular use can increase memory power and intelligence in children. It is also useful in cough, piles, arthritis, asthma, respiratory and mental disorders. 17. Ricinus communis Linn. Local Name - Arandi Family - Euphorbiaceae Parts used - Leaves and seeds Traditional uses - A gel prepared from the oil is useful in skin diseases particularly dermatitis and eczema. The castor oil is also used to make contraceptive jellies and creams. 18. Sida cordifolia Linn. Local Name - Bala Family - Malvaceae Parts used - Whole plant including seeds. Traditional uses - The seeds are highly aphrodisiac and used to treat sexual impotency. Root powder is used in female diseases and in some nervous disorders. 19. Solanum surattense Burm. f. Local Name - Kateri/Nilikateli Family - Solanaceae Parts used - Dried roots Traditional uses - It cures cough, bronchitis, asthma, chest pain, muscular pain and as a diuretic especially to remove bladder stones. 20. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers Local Name - Neem giloy
Sharma and Kumar 86 Family - Menispermaceae Parts used - Dried stem with intact bark Traditional uses - It cures all kinds of fever and for urinary diseases specially to promote urination and for the treatment of dyspepsia and flatulence. It is also used for the treatment of syphilis, gonorrhoea, jaundice, piles and intestinal worms. 21. Tribulus terrestris Linn. Local Name - Chota gokshuru Family - Zygophyllaceae Parts used - Fruits Traditional uses - It cures urinary diseases and nervous disorders. It is used for the treatment of asthma and bronchitis. 22. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Local Name - Ashvagandha Family - Solanaceae Parts used - Dried roots and fresh leaves Traditional uses - It is used for the treatment of general debility, male sterility, respiratory and urino-genital disorders, leucorrhoea, rheumatoid arthritis and as an aphrodisiac. 23. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f) Wt. Arn. Local Name - Ber Family - Rhamnaceae Parts used - Dried stem, flower and bark. Traditional uses - The bark and root is nutritive and gives vigor. The leaves are useful in asthma and stomach complaints, while the flowers are beneficial in eye diseases. The stem is powdered and given with water for healing bone fractures. Besides this, some plants have highly potential importance in different medical systems (A) Bauhinia variegata Linn. Local name – Kachnar Common name – Buddhist bauhinia Family – Fabaceae Distribution – (i) Tropical and sub tropical regions of the world, (ii) Throughout India including sub-Himalayan tract and outer Himalayas of the Punjab, Rajasthan ascending to 1300 m from the Indus, eastwards and Kumaon, (iii) Occurs in forest but not very common. Description – It is a middle sized deciduous tree. The bark is dark brown, nearly smooth, young shoots brown pubescent. Leaves are 10-15 cm long, as broad as or rather broader than long. Petiole 2.5-3.8 cm long. Flowers appeared when the tree is leafless. They are large, fragrant, white or purplish, in axillary or terminal racemes. Pedicels short or absent and bracteoles minute. All white or 4 petals pale purple and the fifth darker with dark purple vein. Stamen 5 fertile, staminodes absent. Ovary pubescent along the sutures, long stalked, style long and stigma capitate. Pod 15-30 by 1.8-2.5 cm hard, flat dehiscent, on a glabrous stipe 2.5 cm long seeds 10-15 in per pod (Plate-3-III). Phenology – Flowering and fruiting – April to July. Chemical composition – The seeds consist of 20% endocarp, and 80% kernels. They yield 16.5% a pale brown fatty oil on extraction with petroleum ether, but only about 6.1% when expressed in a hydraulic press. The wood is greyish brown and moderately hard and is used for agricultural implements. The calorific value of moisture free sapwood (ash, 3.02%) is 4, 791 cals. Parts used – Root and bark Properties and Uses – The roots and bark are astringent, acrid, cooling, constipating, depurative, anthelmintic, vulnery, anti-inflammatory and styptic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of pitta and kapha, diarrhoea, dysentery, skin diseases, leprosy, intestinal worms, tomours, wounds, ulcers, inflammations, scrofula, proctoptosis, haemorrhoids, haemoptysis, cough, menorrhagia and diabetes. Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari Local Name – Guggal Common Name – Indian Bedellium tree Family – Burseraceae Distribution – (i) It is widely distributed in the tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar, Asia, Australia, Pacific Islands, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, (ii) In India, this species is distributed in the states of Raja(ii) In India, this species is distributed in the states of Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka. Description – A small tree or shrub upto 3-4 m high, the branches are crooked, knotty, aromatic and end in sharp spines. The bark is papery and peels in strips from the older parts of the stem. The leaves are sessile, alternate or fascicled, 1-3 foliate, the leaflets are glabrous. The terminal is sessile or subsessile, obvate, serrate, 1-5 cm long, 0.5 to 2.5 cm. broad, lateral, when present, sessile, serrate or entire. The plants are dimorphic, one having bisexual and male flowers and the other having female flowers. Flowers are sessile, 3.5 mm long, usually red and rarely pinkish white. The flowers appear in groups of 2 or 3. The calyx is fused with the disc basally, it is popular tubular, 1-2 mm long. The petals are refluxed, acute, 3-5 mm long and 1 mm broad. There are 8 stamens very rarely 10; 3-5 mm long. The disc is conspicuously toothed. The ovary is 2-loculed with a sessile 2- lobed stigma. The fruit is ovoid, up to 1cm long drupe, red when ripe and the mesocarp is yellow. When it is ripe, it splits into two (Farooqi and Sreeramu, 2001) (Plate-3-II). Chemical composition – The oleo-gum-resins are mixtures of resin (about 61%), gum (about 29.3%), volatile oil (about 1.45%) and occasionally combined with other substances, mainly myrecene, dimyrecene and polymyrecene. It has three sterols-gygglusterols I, II and III, two sterones and two diterpenes have been isolated from the drug. Gugglusterone is the major pregnane-type
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