The Future of Membranes in Seawater Desalination - emwis
The Future of Membranes in Seawater Desalination - emwis
The Future of Membranes in Seawater Desalination - emwis
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DESALINATION AND SUSTAINABILITY<br />
Key Facts <strong>in</strong> <strong>Seawater</strong> Desal<strong>in</strong>ation<br />
• Multiple passes are <strong>of</strong>ten still required to reach water quality despite latest<br />
improvements <strong>in</strong> salt rejection – extra capital and energy cost<br />
• Low recovery results <strong>in</strong> extra capital and energy cost. Water needs to be<br />
pretreated and pumped back to the sea<br />
• Low flux rates require more vessels, pip<strong>in</strong>gs, elements – and <strong>in</strong>crease the<br />
capital cost <strong>of</strong> the system<br />
• Marg<strong>in</strong>al waters use <strong>in</strong>creases pretreament cost and / or SWRO unit cost<br />
Low Fluxes<br />
Multiple Passes<br />
1 – 2 March<br />
Feed water<br />
quality<br />
High Cost <strong>of</strong> SWRO<br />
desal<strong>in</strong>ation<br />
Low Recovery<br />
• Energy consumption be<strong>in</strong>g s<strong>in</strong>gle largest factor >30% <strong>of</strong> water cost, still<br />
<strong>of</strong>fers tremendous cost reduction potential<br />
© 2012 International Desal<strong>in</strong>ation Association
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