Advanced Networking

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Hypertext Symbols Several symbols are used in this document: • All RFC and Internet Draft are hypertext links. − Check that there is no more recent version of the document. • is a link to a Techniques de l’Ingénieur article on the subject (in french). • is a link to the online edition of IPv6 Théorie et Pratique (in french) • is a link to other information on the web. Material concerning IPv6 are taken from the G6 tutorial and copyrighted from G6. Slide 2 Laurent Toutain Filière 2
Concepts Datagram
Page 1: Advanced Networking Laurent Toutain
Page 5 and 6: Destination Address Processing Conc
Page 11 and 12: Historical facts Facts on Addresses
Page 13 and 14: Emergency Measures: Better Addresse
Page 15 and 16: Emergency Measures: Private Address
Page 17 and 18: How NAT with Port Translation Works
Page 23 and 24: Conic NAT Facts on Addresses ◮ NA
Page 25 and 26: Restricted NAT Facts on Addresses
Page 27 and 28: NAT Traversal and Peer To Peer Fact
Page 43 and 44: Core Network Routing Table Facts on
Page 49 and 50: Access Provider Change: Difficult F
Page 51 and 52: Access Provider Change: Difficult F
Page 53 and 54:
Multi-homing: Difficult Facts on Ad
Page 55 and 56:
Prefix usage in Feb. 2010 Facts on
Page 57 and 58:
Prefix Facts on Addresses ◮ IPv4
Page 59 and 60:
What Has Changed Facts on Addresses
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
CIDR Administrative Point of View F
Page 67 and 68:
Prefixes delegation Facts on Addres
Page 69 and 70:
Prefixes delegation Facts on Addres
Page 71 and 72:
Prefix usage in May. 2010 Facts on
Page 73 and 74:
HD-Ratio Facts on Addresses ◮ Pre
Page 75 and 76:
IPv6 addresses Addresses ◮ Notati
Page 77 and 78:
Notation Addresses ◮ Notation B
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Is it enough for the future Addres
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Addresses Addressing scheme
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Addresses Address Format
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Addressing Space Utilization Addres
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Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
SID Values Addresses ◮ Address Fo
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Interface Identifier Addresses ◮
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Interface Identifier Addresses ◮
Page 101 and 102:
How to Construct an IID from MAC Ad
Page 103 and 104:
How to Construct an IID from MAC Ad
Page 105 and 106:
Windows 7 Addresses ◮ Address For
Page 107 and 108:
Windows 7 Addresses ◮ Address For
Page 109 and 110:
Addresses Kind of addresses
Page 111 and 112:
Other kind of addresses : ULA (RFC
Page 113 and 114:
Some Well Known Multicast Addresses
Page 115 and 116:
Solicited Multicast Addresses Addre
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Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Example Addresses ◮ Kind of addre
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Example Addresses ◮ Kind of addre
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Anycast Addresses ◮ Kind of addre
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Anycast on prefix : Example from Ha
Page 129 and 130:
OnLink Anycast: Example Addresses
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OnLink Anycast: Example Addresses
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Anycast on prefix : Example from Ha
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IPv6 Packet : Simpler Protocol ◮
Page 137 and 138:
IPv4 Header Protocol ◮ IPv6 Heade
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Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Extensions Protocol ◮ IPv6 Extens
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Extensions in packets Protocol ◮
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Extension Superiority Protocol ◮
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Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Extension Order is Important Protoc
Page 165 and 166:
Hop by Hop (NH=0) Protocol ◮ IPv6
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Routing (NH=43) Protocol ◮ IPv6 E
Page 173 and 174:
Protocol ICMPv6
Page 175 and 176:
ICMPv6 : Two Functions Protocol ◮
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Path MTU discovery Protocol ◮ Pat
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Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Neighbor Discovery RFC 4861 Mechani
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Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Stateless Auto-configuration: Basic
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Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Optimistic DAD RFC 4429 Mechanisms
Page 199 and 200:
Router Configuration Example Mechan
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Router Configuration Example Mechan
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Stateless DHCPv6 : with static para
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Security issues with Neighbor Disco
Page 211 and 212:
Examples of attacks using ND Mechan
Page 213 and 214:
Examples of attacks using ND Mechan
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Example: Interface during an IETF m
Page 217 and 218:
DHCPv6 : Stateful Auto-Configuratio
Page 219 and 220:
DHCPv6 : Prefix Delegation Mechanis
Page 221 and 222:
DHCPv6 Full Features Mechanisms ◮
Page 223 and 224:
DHCPv6 Scenarii Mechanisms ◮ DHCP
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
DHCPv6 Identifiers Mechanisms ◮ D
Page 231 and 232:
Mechanisms Stateless vs Statefull
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Forwarding Tables F.I.B
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Example : Cisco router Forwarding T
Page 237 and 238:
Example : Unix Forwarding Tables
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Static route Forwarding Tables ◮
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Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Example : Cisco router Forwarding T
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Routing Protocol Forwarding Tables
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outer’s behavior Forwarding Table
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Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Distant Vector Distant Vector Examp
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Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Distant Vector Distance Vecto
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Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
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Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Distant Vector Conter Measures 3 w
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Page 285 and 286:
Distant Vector RIP
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RIPng Distant Vector ◮ RIP 0.....
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Securing Routing Protocols Distant
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Securing Routing Protocol Distant V
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Link States Algorithms
Page 295 and 296:
Example: Database initialization Li
Page 297 and 298:
Example: Database initialization Li
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Example: Database state after synch
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Example: Shortest Path First Algori
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Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Example: FIB entries Link States
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Warning: SPT is not forwarding path
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Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
educing SPF computation Link States
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Division into Areas Link States ◮
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Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
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Page 335 and 336:
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Example: Flooding Link States ◮ A
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Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Link State Announcement Format Link
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Example Link States ◮ Areas Slid
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Example Link States ◮ Areas 10.1.
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Example Link States ◮ Areas { S 8
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Example Link States ◮ Areas { S 8
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Case study: RIP to OSPF Link States
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Link States IS-IS
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Areas versus Levels Link States ◮
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Page 381 and 382:
ISO addresses Link States ◮ IS-IS
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ISO addresses Link States ◮ IS-IS
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Packet types Link States ◮ IS-IS
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Example Link States ◮ IS-IS Provi
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Example: Only IGP Link States ◮ I
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Example: Only IGP Link States ◮ I
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Example: Layer 2 network (eg: ATM)
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Example: Layer 2 network (eg: ATM)
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L2 switching Link States ◮ IS-IS
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Simplified architecture of a LSR Li
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Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
MPLS: ...Label... Link States ◮ I
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Page 415 and 416:
MPLS: ...Switching Link States ◮
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MPLS: ...Switching Link States ◮
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MPLS: ...Switching VC merging Link
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Principle: Overview Link States ◮
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Label distribution example: Discove
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Label distribution example: Sending
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Label distribution example: Receivi
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Label distribution example: Rerouti
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Label distribution example Link Sta
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BGP External Gateway Protocol
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Routing policies BGP ◮ External G
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Autonomous System BGP ◮ AS Peerin
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Example: whois -h whois.ripe.net AS
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Example: whois -h whois.ripe.net AS
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Network topology from AS2200 BGP
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Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
Page 465 and 466:
Traceroute BGP ◮ AS Peering # tra
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Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473 and 474:
MP-BGP BGP ◮ Border Gateway Proto
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Principles BGP ◮ Border Gateway P
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Page 479 and 480:
Page 481 and 482:
Page 483 and 484:
Page 485 and 486:
BGP configuration example BGP ◮ B
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BGP configuration example BGP ◮ B
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Loopback address BGP ◮ Border Gat
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Loopback address BGP ◮ Border Gat
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BGP BGP Attributes
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BGP attributes BGP ◮ BGP Attribut
Page 497 and 498:
BGPv4 versus MP-BGP BGP ◮ BGP Att
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MP-BGP capabilities BGP ◮ BGP Att
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Page 503 and 504:
Page 505 and 506:
AS PATH and ORIGIN BGP ◮ BGP Attr
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AS PATH BGP ◮ BGP Attributes AS
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AS PATH BGP ◮ BGP Attributes α :
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Example from Canada (edited) BGP
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Example from Canada (edited) BGP
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BGP attributes BGP ◮ BGP Attribut
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MULTI EXIT DISC BGP ◮ BGP Attribu
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Page 521 and 522:
Page 523 and 524:
LOCAL PREF BGP ◮ BGP Attributes
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LOCAL PREF BGP ◮ BGP Attributes
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AS PATH BGP ◮ BGP Attributes AS A
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AS PATH BGP ◮ BGP Attributes AS A
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Community BGP ◮ BGP Attributes
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Example from Level3 BGP ◮ BGP Att
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Example: Community Attribute BGP
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Example: Community Attribute BGP
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TELECOM Bretagne’s prefixes BGP
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TELECOM Bretagne’s prefixes BGP
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Next Hop Attribute BGP ◮ BGP Attr
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Next Hop different behaviors BGP
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Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Synchronization BGP ◮ BGP Attribu
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Page 555 and 556:
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559 and 560:
Page 561 and 562:
Route Selection BGP ◮ BGP Attribu
Page 563 and 564:
Confederation and Route Reflectors
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Confederation BGP ◮ BGP for Large
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Page 569 and 570:
Page 571 and 572:
Page 573 and 574:
Route Reflector RFC 4456 BGP ◮ BG
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Route Reflectors BGP ◮ BGP for La
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Route Reflectors BGP ◮ BGP for La
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BGP Network Architecture
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Global Inter eXchange BGP ◮ Netwo
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Page 589 and 590:
BGP Limits: Flapping BGP ◮ Networ
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BGP Limits: Flapping BGP ◮ Networ
Page 593 and 594:
BGP Limits: Security BGP ◮ Networ
Page 595 and 596:
BGP ◮ VPN VPN BGP can isolate
Page 597 and 598:
BGP ◮ VPN 6PE α 6 ⇒ NH = R1 α
Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
Page 603 and 604:
BGP ◮ VPN Softwires Mesh α 4 ⇒
Page 605 and 606:
BGP ◮ VPN References BGP Tutoria
Page 607 and 608:
IPv6 Integration: Why IPv6 Integrat
Page 609 and 610:
Communications Model IPv6 Integrati
Page 611 and 612:
Rough Classification of Transition/
Page 613 and 614:
Generic Approach for ”Tunneling
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Generic Approach for ALGs (”proxy
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Where to act, what to do exactly (2
Page 619 and 620:
Overview IPv6 Migration Approaches
Page 621 and 622:
Transition/Integration scenarios (v
Page 623 and 624:
Page 625 and 626:
IPv6 Integration Core Network
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Routing Protocols for IPv6 IPv6 Int
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6BONE IPv6 Integration ◮ Core Net
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6PE : Provider Edge IPv6 Integratio
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Page 637 and 638:
Page 639 and 640:
Page 641 and 642:
Transit / Peering IPv6 Integration
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IPv6 Integration ISP’s Access Net
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Softwires IPv6 Integration ◮ ISP
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Softwires: H&S Architecture IPv6 In
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IPv6 Integration Administrated Netw
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Agenda for IPv6 integration in admi
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Page 659 and 660:
Page 661 and 662:
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Page 665 and 666:
6to4 Architecture between 2 sites I
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6to4 to connect with native IPv6 IP
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6to4 relays IPv6 Integration ◮ Ad
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Tunnel Broker IPv6 Integration ◮
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Tunnel Broker Architecture IPv6 Int
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ISATAP scenario IPv6 Integration
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ISATAP scenario IPv6 Integration
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Address Plan IPv6 Integration ◮ A
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Deploy IPv6 on access network IPv6
Page 683 and 684:
Access control to network IPv6 Inte
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IPv6 in DNS IPv6 Integration ◮ Ad
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Set up IPv6 filtering IPv6 Integrat
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IPv6 support on Operating Systems I
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Migrate Application to IPv6 support
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Application Level Gateway IPv6 Inte
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SSL Tunnel IPv6 Integration ◮ Adm
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SSL Tunnel IPv6 Integration ◮ Adm
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