The Impact of Black Carbon on Arctic Climate - Atmospheric Chemistry

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BC Land transport OC Land transport BC Domestic combustion OC Domestic combustion BC Agricultural waste burning OC Agricultural waste burning mol/cm 2 /s 0.0 4.0E+08 8.0E+08 1.2E+09 1.6E+09 2.0E+09 (data min = 0.0, max = 3.49E+09) 14
Canada* Nordic 3% countries* 3% Ukraine 5% United States <strong>of</strong> America* 13% China 15% Others 8% Russia* 16% EU-27 (excluding the Arctic Council member countries) 37% 15
Page 1 and 2: AMAP Technical Report No. 4 (2011)
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1. Introduction ..........
Page 5 and 6: 1. Introduction
Page 7 and 8: Winter Spring Summer Longwave indir
Page 9 and 10: 5
Page 11 and 12: 7
Page 13 and 14: 3.2.1.2. Photoacoustic spectrometer
Page 15 and 16: 4. Emissions of bl
Page 17: 4.1.2. Anthropogenic emissions <str
Page 21 and 22: BC emissions, Gg/y 60 Canada OC emi
Page 23 and 24: 2004 BC emissions 2030 BC emissions
Page 25 and 26: BC and OC emissions, Mg 4000 3500 3
Page 27 and 28: 4.1.6. Forest and grassland fires (
Page 29 and 30: Global BC emissions, Gg/y 3000 2500
Page 31 and 32: 4.2. Future emissions scenarios
Page 33 and 34: CH4 ÷ 10 CO ÷ 10 NO X SO 2 OC x 1
Page 35 and 36: Zeppelin Alert Barrow Summit Winter
Page 37 and 38: 33
Page 39 and 40: Pressure, hPa Pressure, hPa 50 100
Page 41 and 42: BC concentration, ng/m 3 BC concent
Page 43 and 44: 6. Black carbon di
Page 45 and 46: Altitude, km 8 6 4 2 0 Arctic, 12 A
Page 47 and 48: EBC concentration, ng/m 3 10 4 10 3
Page 49 and 50: 7. Mechanisms of A
Page 51 and 52: Arctic BC burden, Gg 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
Page 53 and 54: 7.4. Dynamical influence on respons
Page 55 and 56: 8.2. Emissions used
Page 57 and 58: Annual tropospheric burden in the A
Page 59 and 60: Atmospheric direct RF due to BC, mW
Page 61 and 62: RF per unit BC emission, mW/m 2 per
Page 63 and 64: Response, °C, per unit positive gl
Page 65 and 66: 10. Information and science needs
Page 67 and 68: 63 References
Page 69 and 70:
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Page 71 and 72:
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Page 73 and 74:
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The Impact of Black Carbon on Arctic Climate - Atmospheric Chemistry

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