3G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES - NMIMS

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Drivers of 3G Adaptation[3] 1. Consumer demand for more robust wireless data services. To increase the voice revenues and the overall revenues the mobile service providers are relying heavily on the expansion of 3G technology worldwide. With various feature like Mobile video, music downloads, e-mail, messaging, location-based services and Internet surfing, revenues will automatically increase and be beneficial for the mobile providers. 2. Upgrading infrastructure investment The faster 3G networks are deployed, the faster 3G adoption rates will rise. Upgrading legacy networks to accommodate 3G technology is very costly. In the United States alone, Verizon Wireless, Sprint Nextel (S) and Cingular have spent a combined $10 billion on building their 3G networks. The carriers that can spend this kind of money will gain a competitive advantage over those that can't. 3. 3G spectrum licensing fees Spectrum refers to the frequency to carry the data wirelessly, so it is very obvious that once a bigger market has been developed for the 3G technology its spectrum licensing fees would require a even bigger investment and will have new standards to be set and followed. Recently, mobile operators have had to pay phenomenal rents in auctions for 3G spectrum licenses. High license acquisition costs are limiting the number of carriers that can participate in 3G. 4. Technology maturity. For this type of advanced technology to reach to the world and have a successful base a highly mature approach is to be followed. The key to investors, therefore, is to understand and appreciate the complexities of each 3G technology and the progress that the various companies are making towards mainstream adoption. Be it W-CDMA, UMTS, HSPA, or EV-DO -- different carriers are deploying different technologies at various stages of maturity. Understanding technology nuances will help investors predict 3G winners. II. 3G NETWORKS[5] After many years during which Second Generation (2G) mobile systems, especially the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), have been incredibly successful with double figure growth rates, the wireless panorama is now changing, 3G mobile devices which are in use today aims at transforming wireless communication into one online and real time connectivity. It will allow an individual to have an immediate authority to location specific services that offer information on demand. 2 Let us go back and quickly revise what the other generations were all about and why we needed to initiate the 3G technology. 1. 1G digital Telecommunications First generation or 1G digital consisted of the analog models that emerged in early 1980’s and continued until being replaced by 2G digital telecommunications. The main difference between two succeeding mobile telephone systems, 1G and 2G, is that the radio signals that 1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks are digital. 2. 2G digital Telecommunications Second generation of digital mobile phones appeared about ten years later along with its first digital mobile networks. Second generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja. Three primary benefits of 2G networks over their predecessors were that phone conversations were digitally encrypted, 2G systems were significantly more efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater mobile phone penetration levels; and 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS text messages. While radio signals on 1G networks are analog, and on 2G networks are digital, both systems use digital signaling to connect the radio towers (which listen to the handsets) to the rest of the telephone system. Some of the advantages of 2G system was: a) The lower powered radio signals require less battery power, so phones last much longer between charges, and batteries can be smaller. b) The digital voice encoding allowed digital error checking which could increase sound quality by increasing dynamic range and lowering the noise floor. c) Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data services, such as SMS and email. Disadvantages of 2G system are as follows : a) In less populous areas, the weaker digital signal may not be sufficient to reach a cell tower. This tends to be a particular problem on 2G systems deployed on higher frequencies, but is mostly not a problem on 2G systems deployed on lower frequencies. National regulations differ greatly among countries which dictate where 2G can be deployed. b) Analog has a smooth decay curve, digital a jagged steppy one. This can be both an advantage and a disadvantage. Under good
conditions, digital will sound better. Under slightly worse conditions, analog will experience static, while digital has occasional dropouts. 3. 3G Networking standards[6] The increased demands of radio interface lead to the development of the 3G networks and technology, which are capable of providing higher bandwidth connections to more users simultaneously. There are two ways in which the radio access of the 3G would be provided, these are: a) The addition of new wideband radio technology to make use of a newly available radio spectrum. b) The evolution of current radio technologies to provide higher speed capabilities. There are two prominent radio transmission standards approved for 3G, under IMT-2000 initiative, these are: a) Wideband Code Division Multiple (W- CDMA): It is an air interface standards found in the 3G mobile technologies. It utilizes FDD duplexing method to achieve higher speeds and supports more users compared to most Time division multiplexing access (TDMA) schemes. b) CDMA 2000: Also called CDMA Multi-carrier cdma2000 is a 3G standard which used CDMA channel access to send voices data and signaling data between mobile phones and cell sites. 4. View of 3G standards[6] There is a tree of standards for 3G covering new Radio transmission technology (RU). A number of proposals for the IMT-2000 3G standard were submitted to the ITU during 1998. Since this time, the industry and standards bodies have coordinated their efforts to harmonize the IMT-2000 candidates and arrive at a smaller set of standards. The Operators Harmonization Group (OHG) - a group of major operators from all parts of the world - has played a key role in this process, and agreed on a set of standards in May 1999. This view of standard is very important as it provides an deep understanding of the various technologies that constitute the 3G technology. It tells in detail that how the various technologies like GPRS, WCDMA, GSM, CDMA are linked together and perform together to produce the technology of 3G. The table give below will 3 give you a formatted view of how it works. All these technologies are the fundamentals of wireless communication and were there even in 1G and 2G wireless technologies. Figure (1),[6] This family of standards includes one GDMA-based standard with three optional modes Multi-Carrier (Mc) Direct Spread (DS) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) and one TDMA hazed standard (EDGE). The radio standards can he combined with different core network standards (GSM MAP or ANSI-41) and operate in different frequency hands. The Multi-Carrier (Mc) mode is also called cdma2000 Mc; and the Direct Spread (DS) Mode is also called WCDMA. The UMTS standard covers WCDMA, TDD and GSM/MAP. 5. Evolution to 3G wireless technology[5] The Evolution to 3G describes the updating of cellular mobile telecommunications networks around the world to use new 3G technologies. This process is taking place over the period 1999 to 2010. Japan is the first country having introduced 3G nationally, and in Japan the transition to 3G is being largely completed during 2005/2006. 3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services, while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. As of 2005, the evolution of the 3G networks was on its way for a couple of years. The main reason for these changes are basically the limited capacity of the existing 2G networks. The second generation of networks were built mainly for telephone calls and slow data transmission. Due to the rapid changes in technology, these factors do not meet the requirements of today's wireless revolution. The developments of so-called
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3G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES - NMIMS

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