Non-Nominative Subjects in Old and Middle Danish

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G. Hr. Hrafnbjargarson XVIth International Conference on Historical Linguistics 4 Conclusion I have shown that Old and Middle Danish had oblique subjects. This conclusion is drawn from the fact that oblique subjects in Old and Middle Danish pass five of the eight subjecthood tests, position, reflexivization, conjunction reduction, raising, and control. Three of the tests that oblique subjects in Old and Middle Danish pass, are the tests that are considered to be the main properties of subjects in the Germanic languages, namely reflexivization, conjunction reduction, and control. Texts used OLD DANISH DICTIONARY ASC Astree Siunge-Choer. Dated 1648. FLOR Flores og Blanseflor, Ghemen-tryk. Dated 1509. SJTR Sjælens Trøst. Cod.Ups. C 529, Cod.Holm. A 109. Dated ca. 1425. SKLOV Skånske lov. Cod.Holm B 74. Dated ca. 1200. SUSO Henrik Susos Gudelig Visdoms Bog, AM783,4 Dated 1500. SØNDEV Tillæg til Søndags-Evangelier, GkS1390,4. Dated 1450 Examples (21) and (22) are taken from Ruus (2001). Additional information on manuscripts, editions, and published versions of the texts is available online at the Old Danish Dictionary web pages (http://www.dsl.dk/go_kildeliste.html). København, August 11, 2003 10 of 12
G. Hr. Hrafnbjargarson XVIth International Conference on Historical Linguistics References Andrews, Avery (1976): The VP Complement Analysis in Modern Icelandic. In: Proceedings of NELS 6. pp. 1–21. Bardal, Jóhanna (2000): “Oblique Subjects in Old Scandinavian”, North-Western European Language Evolution 37, 25–51. Brøndum-Nielsen, Johannes (1965): Gammeldansk Grammatik. Vol. V, Akademisk Forlag, København. Brøndum-Nielsen, Johannes, ed. (1932): Danske Sprogtekster til Universitetsbrug. Vol. I, 2 edn, J. H. Schultz forlag, København. Diderichsen, Paul, ed. (1931-1937): Fragmenter af gammeldanske Håndskrifter. J. H. Schultz Forlag. Eythórsson, Thórhallur & Jóhanna Bardal (2003): “Oblique Subjects: A Germanic Inheritance!”, Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 71, 145–202. Jørgensen, Henrik (2000): Studien zur Morphologie und Syntax der festlandskandinavischen Personalpronomina. Aarhus University Press, Århus. Mikkelsen, Kristian (1911): Dansk Ordföjningslære. Lehman & Stage, København. Republished 1975 by Hans Reitzels Forlag, København. Nielsen, Holger, ed. (1895-1911): Den danske Rimkrønike. H. H. Thieles Boktrykkeri. Rögnvaldsson, Eiríkur (1996): “Frumlag og fall a fornu”, Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræi 18, 37–69. Ruus, Hanne, ed. (2001): Dansk Sprog- og Stilhistorisk Database. CD-ROM published by the Department of Nordic Philology, University of Copenhagen. Sigursson, Halldór Ármann (1989): Verbal Syntax and Case in Icelandic. PhD thesis, Lund University. Thráinsson, Höskuldur (1979): On Complementation in Icelandic. Garland Publishing, New York. Vikner, Sten (1995): Verb Movement and Expletive Subjects in the Germanic Languages. Oxford University Press, New York. København, August 11, 2003 11 of 12
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Non-Nominative Subjects in Old and Middle Danish

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