VIKRAM BOKEY - Sarawak Development Institute

PREVENTING FARMERS’ SUICIDES ! 

MOFF’S S EXPERIENCE SHOWS ONLY ORGANIC 

FARMING WORKS 

Presented by 

Vikram Bokey IPS(R ) 

Chairman, 

MaharashtraOrganic Farming Federation,Pune(MOFF) 

At 

ORGANIC ASIA – THE WAY FORWARD 

( INNOVATIONS, CHALLENGES AND COLLABORATION FOR THE FUTURE) 

Sarawak Village ,Kuching, Sarawak MALAYSIA 

October 28 th to 31 st 2008 

PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com

MAHARASHTRA ORGANIC FARMING 

FEDERATION, PUNE 

State level federation of : 

• Farmers 

• Stakeholders 

• Environmentalists 

• NGOs 

• Consumers 


Aim 

• Transfer of technology for Sustainable Agriculture to farmers at grass 

root level 

• Promotion of low-cost, no-debt, sustainable production of agricultural 

crops & prevent farmers’suicides. 

• Training for value addition, grading, packing, labeling & marketing 

• Certification of Organic farms 

• Women participation & empowerment in Sustainable Agriculture 

• Awareness of poison free organic food consumption in the urban 

society 

• Facilitate marketing of organic food from farmers directly to the 

consumers. 

• Documentation –Success stories, Innovative Practices, package of 

Practices, Data on Economics, Research Papers etc. 

• Publications. 


• Food & Agriculture Organization -United Nations (FAO -UN) 

• International Institute For Sustainable Agriculture, Pune(IISA) 

• Gene Campaign, New Delhi 

Coordination 

• Center for Environment Education, New Delhi (CEE) 

• Research Foundation for Science, Technology & Ecology, New 

Delhi 

• The Covenant Center for Development (CCD), New Delhi 

• Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi (DBT) 

• International Competence Center for Organic Agriculture, 

Bangalore(ICCOA) 

• Organic Farming Association of India, Goa (OFAI) 

contd 


Coordination 

• National Center of Organic farming, Ghaziabad ( UP ) 

• Commissioner of Agriculture, M.S, Pune 

• Department of Agriculture Animal Husbandry & Dairy Science, 

M.S. 

• Four Agricultural Universities of Maharashtra State 

• 120 NGOs – e.g. Panipanchayat, Gramparivartan, NOCA, VOFA, 

KVK etc 


Network of MOFF, Pune 

• Jurisdiction - MaharashtraState 

• Head Office - Pune 

• Trustees - 10 

* 34 Districts 

* 140 Taluka 

* 15000 Villages 

• Apex Council - 127 members ( 3-4 Senior Organic Farmers / District) 

• Advisory Board -20 members (Hon. Adv. Manohar Parchure, 

Dr. Vijay Bhatkar, Dr. TarakKate, 

Dr. Ashwini Ghorpade & others) 

• District Heads -34 Organic farmers 

• District Coordinators - 68 organic farmers 

• Member NGOs - 120 

• Farmers in Contact - 1,42,000 


Principal Activities 

• Establishment of An International Institute, for Sustainable 

Agriculture,Pune 

• “Farmers Suicide Prevention Mission”inVidarbha 

• GRAMDOOT Project to convert 25,000 farmers from chemical to 

organic farming. 

• Self SustainableBiovillage Projects 

• Organic Model Farms 

• Organic Farm schools – (Every Thursday, 2 hrs Theory & 2 hrs 

Practical on organic farms) 

• Organic Crop demonstrations 

• Trainers’ Training on Organic farming 

• Seed Banks of traditional, improved, straight & composite varieties of 

major crops (Hybrids & Genetically modified crops Prohibited) 


Principal Activities 

• Anti. GM. Campaign 

• Farmer rallies, seminars, workshops, exhibitions, organic Mandi / 

Bazar 

• Study tours for farmers in & out of MaharashtraState 

• Self help groups of male & female farmers 

• Organic farm certification with Participatory guarantee scheme (PGS) 

• Farmers’Producer Companies 

• Organic food consumers club 

• Documentation of organic farmers’ experiences, Innovative 

experiments, Success Stories, Technical & research findings, Marketing 

data etc 

• Leading role in Government’s organic policy 


Presentation 

Part – I 

SUCCESS STORY OF FARMERS’ 

SUICIDE 

PREVENTION MISSION 


PROJECT AREA AND POPULATION OF Farmers 

District 

Area under 

cultivation 

( hectares) 

Population of Farmers 

Akola 4,58,000 1,14,000 

Buldhana 6,29,000 3,25,000 

Amravati 4,98,000 1,36,000 

Wardha 4,05,000 1,23,000 

Yavatmal 8,03,000 2,85,000 

Washim 3,30,000 1,32,000 

Total 31,23,000 11,15,000 


Project At a Glance 

• Title of the Project :- FARMERS’ SUICIDE PREVENTION 

MISSION, in VIDARBHA 

• Period of the Project :-June 2006 to May 2008 

• Area of operation :-Six Districts ofVidarbhaRegion 

• Number ofTalukas :-61 

• Task Force of the Project :-144 

• Targeted main Crops :-Cotton, Soybean, Pigeon Pea, Wheat, 

Gram, Groundnut, Orange. 


Task Force of the Project 

Sr. 

No. 

Name of Person Designation No Area of operation 

1 Shri. Vikram Bokey Chairman 1 Maharashtra State 

2 Shri. Diliprao Deshmukh 

Baradkar 

Vice - Chairman 1 Maharashtra State 

3 Smt. Chandraprabha Bokey Principal Project 

coordinator 

1 Vidarbha Region 

4 Shri. SanjaySontakke Project coordinator 1 Vidarbha Region 

5 Shri. Jayaprakash Patil District coordinator 1 Akola 

6 Shri. Ramesh Deshmukh District coordinator 1 Buldhana 

Contd… 


Sr. 

No. 

Name of Person Designation No Area of 

operation 

7 Shri. Shyam Sawant District coordinator 1 Amravati 

8 Shri. SanjayTigaonkar District coordinator 1 Wardha 

9 Shri. RamKalaspurkar District coordinator 1 Yavatmal 

10 Shri. Narendra Taiwade District coordinator 1 Washim 

11 Affiliated NGO 

Members 

12 Field Staff Village 

Ambassadors 

(Gramdoot) 

Project Facilitators 12 2 NGOs per 

District 

(6 District) 

122 @ 2 per 

Talukafor 

61Talukas 

Total 144 

6 Districts 


Area of operation & beneficiaries of the Project 

Sr. 

No. 

District 

Area 

(Sq.Kms). 

No. of 

beneficiaries 

(farmers) 

crops 

1 Akola 5,429 1,740 Cotton, Pigeon pea, Soybean, 

Orange, Vegetables 

2 Buldhana 9,661 3,435 Cotton, Pigeon pea, Soybean, Gram, 

Wheat, Orange 

3 Amravati 12, 210 3,530 Cotton, Pigeon pea, Gram, 

Ground – nut, Wheat, Orange 

4 Wardha 6,309 1,505 Cotton, Soybean, Pigeon pea, Gram, 

Orange, Wheat 

5 Yavatmal 9,892 3,995 Cotton, Pigeon pea, Soybean, 

Groundnut, Gram, Wheat, Orange 

6 Washim 5,134 1,475 Cotton, Soybean, Wheat, Gram, 

Pigeon pea, Groundnut 

Total 48,635 15,680 


Area under different crops in the Project 

( hectares ) 

Sr. 

No 

District Cotton Soybean Pigeonpea Wheat Gram Groundnut Orange 

1. Akola 2,07,600 50,300 52,200 3,400 24,000 500 3,791 

2. Buldhana 1,88,700 1,41,200 81,600 26,500 30,100 600 2,328 

3 Amravati 2,68,200 1,67,100 90,900 10,300 37,200 2,000 54,123 

4 Wardha 99,800 1,95,500 52,500 15,500 21,300 2,600 9,596 

5 Yavatmal 3,32,800 1,76,300 1,27,100 5,100 12,900 1,200 7,208 

6 Washim 67,800 1,85,100 47,400 3,000 24,700 100 2,004 

Total 11,64,900 9,15,500 4,51,700 63,800 1,50,200 8,502 79,050 


Panchsutri 

( the five point formula ) 

• A key to ensure reasonable livelihood for small land holder farmers. 

• Guarantees debt-free farming & self –reliance. 

1. Counseling :-To change the mindset of NPK based agriculture 

2. Indigenous seed :-No use of hybrid & GM crop seeds 

3. Indigenous livestock :-Indigenous cow providing organic inputs for 

crop nutrient &pest management. 

4. Mixed cropping pattern :-Ensures compensation in losses due to natural 

factors. 

:-Meets demand of variety of food required by 

farmer’s family. 

:-Helps for crop nourishment & pest 

management. 

5. Value addition & marketing :-by farmers / Self help groups. 


‘12 POINTS’ Organic Crop Production Package of MOFF 

• Importance of In-situ Soil & Water (Moisture) Conservation 

• Selection of proper soil & crop pattern. 

• Selection of improved, straight & composite varieties of crop 

(No Hybrid, Genetically Modified seed, & Research seed 

variety of Private Seed Companies) 

• Culturing of Seed Material 

• Proper method of sowing / planting. 

• Crop nutrient management practice. 

Contd… 


‘12 POINTS’ Organic Crop Production Package of MOFF 

• Pest management practices 

• Weed management practice 

• Mulching 

• Harvesting & Value addition (Cleaning , grading, 

processing, packing, labeling etc.) of Organic Products. 

• Certification of organic farm under Participatory Guarantee 

Scheme (PGS) 

• Marketing of organic products – Domestic & Abroad 

(Producer to consumer direct supply linkage) 


MAJOR ACTIVITIES OF THE PROJECT 

Sr. 

No. 

Particulars 

Area of 

operation 

No. 

Number of 

Beneficiaries 

Remark 

1 Baseline Survey 

i) Soil type, 

Climate, irrigation 

Sources & 

6 Districts 

- 

- 

Baseline Survey 

Conducted to 

re-evaluate it at the 

end of the Project 

Cropping Patterns 

ii) Socio, 

6 Districts 

economic survey 

- 

- 

of Farmers' family & 

Resources available 

iii) Data on Cost 

6 Districts 

cultivation & 

Profitability 

Contd… 


Sr. 

Particulars 

Area of 

No. 

Number of 

Remark 

No. 

operation 

Beneficiaries 

2 Spiritual Training 

6 District 18 

1800 

- 

sources to give up 

suicidal thoughts. 

(3 per District) 

(100 per 

sources) 

3 Meetings to create 

6 District 30 

300 

- 

awareness of 

organic farming for 

farmers & 


(100 per 

meeting) 

consumers 

4. Study Tours and 

6 District 24 

2400 

- 

farm Visit to ideal 

organic farms. 


(100 per 

Tour) 

Contd… 


Sr. 

No. 

Particulars 

Area of 

operation 

No. 

Number of 

Beneficiaries 

Remark 

5 Indigenous Seed 

6 Districts 12 

Farmers from 

Expert organic 

Banks 

(2 banks per 

district) 

61Talukas 

farmers 

established 

Seed Banks to 

provide seeds 

to interested 

farmer 

6 Trainings for 

61Talukas 305 

15250 (50 

- 

organic cultivation 

Practices 

5 Trainings 

/Taluka 

farmers per 

training) 


Sr. 

No. 

Particulars 

Area of 

operation 

No. 

Number of 

Beneficiaries 

Remark 

7 Demonstrations on 

61Talukas 610 

30500 

Demonstrations 

organic input 

Production on farm 

(10 Demos 

/Talukas) 

(50 farmers / 

demo) 

for the 

Production of 

Vermicompost, 

biodynamic 

compost 

Beejamrut, 

Jeevamrut, 

Deshaparni etc 

8 Organic Model 

50Talukas 100 

Farmers visited 

Plots (Organic farm 

School ) 

2 plots / 

Talukas 

these farms 

during their 

study tours 

Contd… 


Sr. 

No. 

Particulars 

Area of 

operation 

No. 

Number of 

Beneficiaries 

Remark 

9 Trainings to farmers & 

60 

300 

15,000 

Experts and 

self help groups for 

value addition , 

Processing & Packing 

of organic produce 

Talukas 

5 

Trainings 

/Taluka 

50 Trainees / 

Training 

Government 

Sponsored 

the Trainings 

10 Trainings for Organic 

61 

61 

6100 

OFAI & 

Certification under 

Participatory Guarantee 

Scheme (PGS) & 

Meeting Strategy 

Talukas 

One 

Training / 

Taluka 

100 farmers / 

Training 

MOFF 

Sponsored 

the trainings 

& 

documentatio 

n under PGS 


Baseline survey of the project 

(Soil type, climate, cropping pattern, socio economic 

status, production cost benefit ratio etc) 


Spiritual Training courses to give up suicidal thoughts. 

(1,800 beneficiary farmers) 


Meetings to create awareness of organic farming 

(30 Meetings) 


Study tours to ideal organic farms 

(24 Study tours) 


Indigenous Seed Bank 

(12 Banks) 


Training for organic cultivation practices 

(305 Trainings) 


Demonstration of organic input production on farm 

(610 Demos) 


Training to Self Help Groups for Value addition of 

organic product ( 300 Trainings ) 


Training for organic certification under PGS 

( 61 Trainings) 


Organic farm school -Model Plots 

(100 Schools) 


Achievements of the Project 

1. Stopped suicides completely in 62 blocks of six districts covering 15,680 farmers. 

2. Created awareness of low cost, no- debt & Sustainable Production Technology to 

small land holder & resource poor farmers. 

3. Conversion of 15,680 farmers from chemical to organic farming with –organic 

certified farms. 

4. Availability of wide range of PGS certified organic produce for domestic 

marketing. 

5. Improvement in soil productivity inVidarbha region 

6. Increase in water table level helping farmers to take additional seasonal crops. 

7. 15,000 farmers learnt to produce required organic inputs on farm & saved money 

on purchase from market. 

Contd… 


8.Establishment of 100 organic model plots, totally self reliant. 

9. Establishment of 12 indigenous seed banks 

10. Strengthened 150 Self Help Groups through trainings on value addition & 

processing of organic Products, thereby helping about 1,800 families earn 

additional livelihood. 

11. Created awareness of toxic-free food computation in consumers 

12. Provided gainful employment for about 600 persons for organic input production 

units. 

Achievements of the Project 

13. Project established a model for replication by other States in India. 

14. Made a welcome change in the livelihood of these families. 

15. Restored faith in the oldest culture, in the history of main land. 

16. Curbed & reversed the influx of the Rural Youth to the Urbanhabitats. 


PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com 

Achievements of the mission

Presentation 

Part – II 

PARTICIPATORY GUARANTEE 

SCHEME FOR ORGANIC 

CERTIFICATION ( PGS ) 

- ideal for small land holder farmers 


Common Problems in Organic Certification 

• Consumers want proof of organic status 

• 3rd party Certification 

-Too expensive in direct costs 

-Too complicated (paperwork) 

-Unsustainable 

-By design an exclusive marketing label only. 

-Facilitates non-diversified large farm certification. 

• Organic movement is being stifled by 3rd Party Certification (less 

than 0.05 % certified !) 

• Farmers & Consumers are looking for an alternative certification 

system. 


1. Participatory Guarantee Scheme in recognized & 

promoted by : 

– Food & Agriculture Organization (U.N.) 

– International Federation of Organic Farming Movements 

(IFOAM). 

• PGS is in active use in 

– Brazil 

– USA 

– New Zealand 

• PGS is supported by Government of India through 

National Centreof Organic Farming,Ghaziabad 

(U.P.) 


Organic India Council Implementing PGS through NGOs 

In India 

• Organic Farming Association of India (OFAI) 

• Maharashtra Organic Farming Federation (MOFF) 

• Timbaktu Collective 

• Deccan Development Society, AndhraPradesh (DDS) 

• Indian Institute of Rural Development, (IIRD) 

• Keystone Foundation 


PGS in India 

Key Factors for Success 

• Low Direct Cost. Affordable to families that may have low cash sales. 

• Minimal paperwork 

• Appropriate for small farmers 

• Regionally appropriate Standards 

• Peer inspections 

• Village, Regional & National groups in a horizontal Network without 

hierarchies 

• Build the Organic Movement, rather than just provide an expensive 

marketing label. 

Contd … 


PGS in India 

Key Factors for Success 

• Mutual Recognition & support between regional PGS groups in India. 

There are already individual local labels being created independently, 

but a single strongly supported national label will do much more for 

the movement as a whole. There is strength in numbers & more 

credibility to the program as a whole is created 

• Inclusive of New & Transitioning Organic Farmers 

• Subtext of support & training built into the system 

• Empower the Small Farmer with skills & market power. 


PGS Philosophy 

• Provide a credible guarantee to consumers 

• Maintained by the farmers & other stakeholders that it serves 

• Empowerment & responsibility of stakeholders 

• Minimize costs & administration 

• In-build systems encourage peer education & support 


PGS “Key Features” 

• Organic Norms/ Standards 

• Clear & Consistent process of certification with openly documented 

management systems & procedures. 

• Transparent decision making 

• Stakeholder control over the Norms 

• Non-hierarchical / Grassroots Organization 

• Suitable to small holder agriculture 

• Principles & values that enhance livelihoods & promote organic agriculture 

• Mechanisms to verify farmer’s compliance 

• Mechanisms for supporting farmers (education, networks) 

• National seal / label / mark to demonstrate inclusion in the system 

• Clear & previously defined consequences for defaulters. 


Key Groups 

C 

R 

E 

D 

I 

B 

I 

L 

I 

T 

Y 

Farm Family 

Local Group 

Regional 

Group 

National Coord 

Committee 

ORGANIZATION LEVEL 


PGS Organizational Chart 

National Coordinating Committee 

Regional Group 



Local Group 

Local Group 

Local Group 

Farmer 

Farmer 

Farmer 


Certification Process : Building Credibility 

Farmer 

Joins Local Group 

Fills in Basic Info Application 

Reads simplified standards 

Signs “Farmer’s Pledge” 

Local Group Peer Inspection (3+) 

Scripted Visit 

•Complete physical field checks 

•Confirm farmer understands rules 

Sign inspection statement 

•May complete farmer’s app at this 

time 

Local Group 

Collates application, inspection, pledge 

for each farmer 

Secret ballot voting 

Sends Summary toRegCouncil 


Registers the name of each Local 

Group Random Pesticide Residue 

Testing Maintains SMS / Internet 

Traceability 

Regional Council 

Checks for completeness 

Passes info to NCC 

Issues annual ID # to Local Group 

Issues Certificates to each Farmer 


Role of Key Groups 

Individual Farmers 

• Educate themselves on Organic Standards 

• Sign a Pledge that they understand and adhere to Organic Standards 

• Participate in Inspection/audits of Other farmers 

• Advising neighbors, Sharing information, improving Capacity of the group 

as a Whole 

• No Restrictions on visit to farm 

• (Encouraged) Participate in inspections/sharing in neighboring villages 


Role of Local Groups 

WHO Farmers ( and consumers) living in one or more village : 

-May be self-created, but more after group is facilitated by a local NGO or 

Government agency extension Service 

-Can be overlaid on an existing group-(i.e) Self-Help Group Farmer, Field School 

group, Women’s empowerment group etc) 

ROLE : 

-First contact point for new farmers 

-Coordinate on-farm inspections 

-Regular meeting to support and educate each other 

-Confidential voting 

-Take responsibility for each other 

-Remove member for defaults – permanently or for the season 


Role of Key Groups Regional Council 

Who 

- NGO or district level government OR Self Created by several Local 

Groups 

- Any Group can become a regional council as long as they can meet 

the functional requirements (just as a government, NGO or for profit 

Company can be 3 rd Party certifier 

- Consumer Member Strongly encouraged 

contd 


ROLE 

- Apply to the National Coordinating Committee for paper work and procedures 

- Training and support to Local Groups in Procedures. 

- First point of contact for new farmer groups and consumers. 

- Check for complete Paperwork from Local Group. 

- Issue ID number to each Local Group 

- Issue Organic Certificates to each Member of the Local Group (can’t choose 

farmers). 

- Participates in Sampling of Local Group farm inspections 

- Provides Summary information on each farm to NGO 

- (Encouraged) Regional Level Marketing (district level farmer’s market consumer 

Co-op. school, festival etc.) 

- Encouraged) Apply for a seat on the NCC 


WHO 

Role of Key Groups 


- Representative from Ministry of Agriculture with Consumer Groups appropriate NGOs 

and unlimited number of Regional Council Groups 

ROLE 

- Approve application and requirement Councils 

- Provide appropriate and updated documents to RC’s 

- Maintain National Standard (Based on NPOP but may have exceptions) 

- Approve Regional Standards 

- National Level outreach, education and marketing on Organic and PGS 

- Maintain SMS and Internet traceabilityfor all Local Groups and Processors 

- Maintains a Positive relationship with 3 rd Party Certifiers. Helps link Local Groups to 

global markets through ICS Programs with 3 rd Party Certifiers 

- Coordinate random sample pesticide residue testing 


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s) 

• The Difference Between PGS and 3 rd Party Certification 

- Paperwork 

- Regionally appropriate (and small farmers appropriate Standards 

allow more farmers to Participate, increasing the organic base in the 

country. 

- PGS is inclusive of new/ transitioning Organic Farmers 

- Involvement of Consumers is encouraged 

- 3 rd Party Certification has proven to be too easy to defraud because 

it’s based on paperwork and an antagonistic relationship (think of 

income taxes) rather than join social control and peer support. 

Contd 



• Why not dictate that outsiders be included in “Peer Inspections” (Priest members 

from another village, local Panchayat. Ag-Technicians. etc) 

• How big is a Regional Group what areas is covered. Who can form a Regional 

Group. Who must be included. Shouldn’t we specify these things 

• Who can you expect village farmers to exclude each other from local group (secret 

ballot. Social control example of two strikes. Out for a year) 

• Aren’t 3 rd Party Certification Agencies going to fight this Does PGS Complete with 

3 rd Party Certification 

• How do you keep distributors and processors from cheating ( Can you ever do 

this Ecocert Suggestions) 

• From a farmer This is a lot of work . I’d rather just pay my 100 rupees to the ICS 

and be done with it How is this better 

• From Farmers is there a buyer for my PGS Certified Organic Find me one first 



• Difference Between ICS and PGS 

- In India, only the crop is certified. Certified Organic cotton farmers inMaharashtra 

are now seeking 2 nd organic certification for Wheat …. PGS Certifies the whole 

farm 

- ICS requires a common point of sale. There is no freedom for farmers to explore 

other markets or to self certified organic Products in other markets. 

- Farmers basically becomes an indentured laborer-farmer can be taken advantage of 

(MH example again) 

- Farmer not in control of Standards and regulation. Results in less farmers being 

certified 

- Farmers not in control of costs (increasing with greater monitoring and in GAO. 

Pesticide residues BELOW acceptable Organic standards were found in a UK 

grocery store (could even have been in the packing ) but ICS GROUP is now 

required to pay for regular testing) 


Contd…


- ICS doesn’t work because it starts with an antagonistic “Prove it” relationship 

between farmer and the monitors, Farmers end up helping each other cheat after 

even one suffers being reported on by an outside monitor. 

- No empowerment / Capacity Building of farmers 

- Confidentiality more important than Transparency 

- Huge Amount of Paperwork required assistance from NGO is not sustainable 

- ICS (like 3 rd Party labeling) is just a marketing tool. PGS requires more capacity & 

involvement from farmers but it builds a MOVEMENT 


Marketing 

Who is going to buy PGS Organic 

• Local Direct Markets (Street Markets, Wheat festival) 

• Food World, Shop Rite (Can only get export rejects, Poor quality& high Premiums) 

• Local Organic-only Shops are increasing (Raj Shekhar Reddy 5 ) 

• International Opportunities (Brazilian Example) 

• Domestic Processing Opportunities 

• ITC Kiosk project with high degree oftraceabilityin – built 

• Numerous domestic marketing Opportunities (Women’s empowerment groups can 

form cooperatives to self Farmer’s excess crops-Dhamapuri /Madhuri) 

• Chetna Organic’scotton interest 

• Also, why ask when you already have such good infrastructure to overlay right now 

with minimal hassle 

• “Build it and they will come” 


Sr. 

No. 

PGS groups formed in India 

( As on 15 th October 2008 ) 

Name of NGO State No. of PGS 

group 

1 DeccanDevelopment society 

(DDs) 

2 Maharashtra Organic 

Farming Federation (MOFF) 

Total No. of 

Farmers 

Andhra Pradesh 40 200 

Maharashtra 30 200 

3 Timbaktu Collective (TC) Andhra Pradesh 17 431 

4 INFACT Kerala 1 10 

5 TOFT Tamil Nadu 4 38 

6 VSK Uttar Pradesh 1 11 

Total 93 890 



IISA

VIKRAM BOKEY - Sarawak Development Institute

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?