Scrub up Vocabulary
Scrub up Vocabulary
Scrub up Vocabulary
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James Lind first introduced 'control' gro<strong>up</strong>s into<br />
experiments in 1747.He studied sailors with scurvy. The<br />
control gro<strong>up</strong> was given their normal food. Other gro<strong>up</strong>s<br />
were given their normal food plus s<strong>up</strong>plements. Lind<br />
found that the gro<strong>up</strong>"receiving oranges and lemons<br />
recovered. What causes scurvy<br />
~O<br />
• Language spot<br />
Mathematical<br />
expressions<br />
1 Complete the mathematical expressions with these<br />
prepositions.<br />
by from of to<br />
1 Five per cent 50 is 2.5.<br />
2 One teaspoon is approximately equivalent<br />
____ 5 millilitres.<br />
3 How much is 7.2kg divided 15<br />
4 Subtract 4litres 13.<br />
5 BAAl equals height divided weight<br />
squared.<br />
6 What do you get when you subtract 52 _<br />
lOa<br />
7 150 mg is added 500 mg to make a total<br />
dose of 650 mg.<br />
8 Three quarters 100 litres equals 75.<br />
2 In the mathematical expressions above, identify one<br />
conversion and one formula.<br />
3 Iij) Listen and match what you hear with the sums<br />
written below. Write a-h. Each sum has two spoken<br />
versions.<br />
4<br />
1 3 mg+ 6 mg = 9<br />
2 36 ml = 9<br />
4ml<br />
3 13 litres - 4litres = 9<br />
4 3 mgx 3 mg = 9<br />
Iij) Listen and write what you hear in numbers<br />
symbols.<br />
and<br />
5 Work in pairs. Read aloud mathematical expressions<br />
for your partner to write down in numbers and symbols.<br />
Student A, go to p.1lO.<br />
Student<br />
B,go to p.113.<br />
»Go to Grammar reference p.ll8<br />
Reading<br />
Drugs testing<br />
1 Do this questionnaire on attitudes to drugs testing<br />
and compare your responses with other students.<br />
Testing drugs<br />
on animals is<br />
unnecessary<br />
and wrong.<br />
Before testing<br />
them on others,<br />
researchers<br />
should test<br />
new drugs on<br />
themselves.<br />
Scientific<br />
progress is<br />
more important<br />
than the lives of<br />
a few people.<br />
strongly<br />
strongly<br />
agree agree disagree disagree<br />
,<br />
2 Read the text and answer the questions.<br />
lOne reason why there is a constant need to develop<br />
new drugs is because new illnesses are appearing<br />
all the time. What are three other reasons<br />
2 In a clinical trial, first the drugs are tested on<br />
animals. What are the next two main steps<br />
3 What is the basis of the Nuremberg code<br />
4 Which two gro<strong>up</strong>s of people may not always be<br />
able to make a free choice over participating in<br />
clinical trials<br />
5 There are risks for sick people participating in<br />
clinical trials, but what are the benefits<br />
6 What ethical problems may arise when scientists<br />
believe very strongly in the importance of their<br />
research<br />
3 Think about the principle of informed consent and<br />
discuss the questions.<br />
1 Why do most clinical trials exclude pregnant<br />
women<br />
2 There's scientific evidence that a positive attitude is<br />
necessary for any cure to work. If there is only four<br />
per cent chance of benefiting from a drug being<br />
trialled, should you inform trial participants of this
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