Monsanto Technical Publications

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Vaughn, T., Cavato, T., Brar, G., Coombe, T., De-
Gooyer, T., Ford, S., Groth, M., Howe, A., Johnson,
S., Kolacz, K., Pilcher, C., Purcell, J., Romano,
C., English, L., Pershing, J. 2005. A Method of
Controlling Corn Rootworm Feeding Using a Bacillus
thuringiensis Protein Expressed in Transgenic Maize.
Crop Science. 45(3): 931-938.
Videla, G. 2003. Bt Corn in the Argentine NorthWest
(“MaízGard” en el NOA (Nota Técnica)). Producción
Agroindustrial del NOA. 15(145): 53-55.
Voelker T., Kinney A. 2001. Variations in the Biosynthesis
of Seed-Storage Lipids. Annual Review of
Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 52:
335-361.
Wang, R., Bates, M., Goldstein, D., Hayes, S., Hench,
K., Lawrence, R., Paul, I., Zhengmin, Q. 2005. Human
Milk Research for Answering Questions about
Human Health. IN: Part A: Current Issues- Technical
Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and
Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals in the
United States. Published as Journal of Toxicology and
Environmental Health. J. LeKind, Editor. Volume 68,
Part A: 1771-1801.
Wang, Y., Tsukamoto, T., Yi, K., Wang, X., Huang, S.,
McCubbin, A., Kao, T. 2004. Chromosome Walking
in the Petunia Inflata Self-Incompatibility (S-) Locus
and Gene Identification in an 881-kb Contig Containing
S2-RNase. Plant Molecular Biology. 54(5):
727-742.
Wang, Y., Sakamoto, K., Khosla, J., Sannes, P. 2002.
Pre- and Postnatal Lung Development, Maturation,
and Plasticity: Detection of Chondroitin Sulfates and
Decorin in Developing Fetal and Neonatal Rat Lung.
American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and
Molecular Physiology. 282(3): L484-L490.
Wang, X., Bunkers, G. 2000. Potent Heterologous
Antifungal Proteins from Cheeseweed (Malva
parviflora). Biochemical and Biophysical Research
Communications. 279(2): 669-673.
Westerman, A., van der Schalie, W., Levine, S.,
Palmer, B., Shank, D., Stahl, R. 2003. Linking
Stressors with Potential Effects on Amphibian
Populations. IN: Multiple Stressors and Declining
Amphibian Populations: Evaluating Cause and Effect.
Proceedings of the Workshop on the Global Decline
of Amphibian Populations: An Integrated Analysis of
Multiple Stressor Effects, sponsored by SETAC and
The Johnson Foundation, 18-23 August 2001. W. Racine,
D. Sparling, S. Krest, G. Linder, Editors. SETAC
Press, Pensacola, FL, 2003, Pages 73-110.
Wiberg, E., Edwards, P., Byrne, J., Stymne, S.,
Dehesh, K. 2000. The Distribution of Caprylate,
Caprate and Laurate in Lipids from Developing and
Mature Seeds of Transgenic Brassica napus L. Planta.
212(1): 33-40.
Wilson, J., Glover, D., Nyquist, W. 2000. Genetic
Effects of the Soft Starch (h) and Background Loci on
Volume of Starch Granules in Five Inbreds of Maize.
Plant Breeding. 119(2): 173-176.
Wilson, J., Glover, D., Nyquist, W. 2000. Effect of
Dosage at the Soft Starch (h) Locus on Starch Granule
Volume in Maize. Plant Breeding. 119(2): 177-178.
Xu, N., York, K., Miller, P., Cheikh, N. 2004. Coregulation
of Ear Growth and Internode Elongation in
Corn. Plant Growth Regulation. 44(3): 231-241.
Ye, G., Colburn, S., Xu, C., Hajdukiewicz, P., Staub,
J. 2003. Persistence of Unselected Transgenic DNA
During a Plastid Transformation and Segregation
Approach to Herbicide Resistance. Plant Physiology.
133: 402-410.
Monsanto Technical publications
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Ye, G., Hajdukiewicz, P., Broyles, D., Rodriguez, D.,
Xu, C., Nehra, N., Staub, J. 2001. Plastid-expressed
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate Synthase Genes
Provide High Level Glyphosate Tolerance in Tobacco.
Plant Journal. 25(3): 261-270.
Zhang, W., Subbarao, S., Addae, P., Shen, A.,
Armstrong, C., Peschke, V., Gilbertson, L. 2003.
Cre-lox-mediated Marker Gene Excision in Transgenic
Maize - Zea mays L. - Plants. Theoretical and Applied
Genetics. 107: 1157-1168.
Zheng, W., Wise, M., Wyrick, A., Metz, J., Yuan, L.,
Gerwick, W. 2002. Polyenoic Fatty Acid Isomerase
from the Marine Alga Ptilota filicina: Protein Characterization
and Functional Expression of the Cloned
cDNA. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
401(1): 11-20.
Zhong, S., Effertz, R., Jin, Y., Franckowiak, J., Steffenson,
B. 2003. Molecular Mapping of the Leaf
Rust Resistance Gene Rph6 in Barley and its Linkage
Relationships with Rph5 and Rph7. Phytopathology.
93(5): 604-609.
Zhou, Y., Liu, J. 2003. AVA: Visual Analysis of Gene
Expression Microarray Data.
Bioinformatics. 19(2): 293-294.
FOOD SAFETY
Biotech crops are among the most extensively
tested, well characterized and regulated food
and fiber products ever developed. Commercial
biotech crops and foods have been thoroughly
assessed for food, feed, and environmental safety
according to well-established, internationally
accepted, scientific standards and guidelines and
found to be wholesome, nutritious, and as safe
as conventional crops and foods by scientific
and regulatory authorities throughout the world.
Authorities have acknowledged the potential
risks associated with genetic modification ofall
kinds, including traditional cross-breeding,
biotechnology, chemical mutagenesis and seed
radiation, and have established a safety assessment
framework for biotechnology-derived
crops designed to identify any potential food,
feed and environmental safety risks prior to
commercial use.
Plant biotechnology products are much more
extensively studied than any other plant products,
which provide equal or greater assurance of safety
of these products compared to conventional
plant varieties. A rigorous and comprehensive set
of data is generated on every plant biotechnology
product. These data are generated over several
years, based on extensive field and safety testing.
These data packages typically require 20 to 25
person years to conduct the list of studies to satisfy
the requirements of the regulatory agencies.
Experimental results demonstrate that:
• Genetically enhanced crops are nutritionally
equivalent and as safe as comparable
conventional crops
• The introduced genes and expressed proteins
have been extensively investigated and pose no
significant health or allergy problems
• Animals and non-target organisms were
unharmed when expressed proteins were
consumed or part of their diet
This section includes research by Monsanto scientists
in the areas of compositional equivalence,
protein safety, food allergy, and product safety
assessment.
Agriculture and Biotechnology
References
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2004. GM Science Review. Second Report. An Open
Review of the Science Relevant to GM Crops and
Food Based on Interests and Concerns of the Public.
GM Science Review Panel: 1-117.
Astwood, J., Goodman, R., Silvanovich, A., Rice, E.,
Holleschak, G., Hefle, S. 2002. A Bioinformatics
Approach to the Assessment of the Allergenicity of
Foods Produced through Agricultural Biotechnology.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 109(1),
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Astwood, J., Bannon, G., Dobert, R., Fuchs, R. 2003.
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Astwood, J., Fuchs, R. 2001. Status and Safety
of Biotech Crops. ACS Symposium Series 774:
Agrochemical Discovery Insect, Weed, and Fungal
Control. D.R. Baker, N.K. Umetsu, Editors. Chapter
14: 152-164.
Astwood, J., Leach, J., Fuchs, R. 1996. Stability of
Food Allergens to Digestion InVitro. Nature Biotechnology.
14(10): 1269-1273.
Astwood, J., Leach, J., Ream, J., Fuchs, R. 1996.
Allergenic Potential of Foods from Genetically
Engineered Plants. IN: The Toxicology Forum: 1996
Annual European Meeting, Green College, Oxford,
March 25-28, 1996.
Astwood, J., Fuchs, R. 1996. Preventing Food
Allergy: Emerging Technologies. Trends in Food Science
and Technology. 7(7): 219-226.
Astwood, J., Fuchs, R., Lavrik, P. 1996. Food
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering. IN: Food
Allergy: Adverse Reactions to Foods and Food Additives,
Ed. 2, Chapter 4: 65-92.
Astwood, J., Leach, J., Ream, J., Fuchs, R. 1996.
Allergenic Potential of Foods from Genetically Engineered
Plants. The Toxicology Forum: 1996 Annual
European Meeting, March 25-28, 1996, Green College
Oxford, UK. Publisher: Toxicology Forum, Inc.,
Washington, DC: 136-170.
Bannon, G. 2004. What Makes a Food Protein an
Allergen? Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. 4(1):
43-46.
Bannon, G., Astwood, J., Goodman, R., Hefle, S.,
Taylor, S. 2004. Allergy Assessment for Food Biotechnology.
Agricultural Biotechnology: Challenges
and Prospects ACS Symposium Series 866: 151-163.
Bannon, G., Fu, T., Kimber, I., Hinton, D. 2003.
Protein Digestibility and Relevance to Allergenicity.
Environmental Health Perspectives. 111(8): 1122-
1124.
Bannon, G., Goodman, R., Leach, J., Rice, E., Fuchs,
R., Astwood, J. 2002. Digestive Stability in the Context
of Assessing the Potential Allergenicity of Food
Proteins. Comments on Toxicology. 8: 271-285.
Bannon, G. 2002. Using Plant Biotechnology to
Reduce Allergens in Food: Status and Future Potential.
IN: Biotechnology and Safety Assessment 3rd Edition.
J. Thomas, R. Fuchs, Editors. Academic Press.
San Diego, CA: 1-11.
Berberich, S., Ream, J., Jackson, T., Wood, R.,
Stipanovic, R., Harvey, P., Patzer, S., Fuchs, R. 1996.
The Composition of Insect-Protected Cottonseed
is Equivalent to that of Conventional Cottonseed.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 44(1):
365-371.
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