Stephen Pattinson: Executive summary of thesis - New Zealand ...

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10 The following diagram (Fig. 7.3) shows the key aspects of each of the five proposed principles of multivalent communal space, under the theme of sustainable city form: Fig. 7.3 Five principles of multivalent communal space in medium density housing in the context of sustainable city form. (S.J. Pattinson, adapted from Frey 339-340) Briefly, the five proposed principles for multivalent communal space are: 1. Sustainability – It is noted in the literature (e.g. Lozano 165-166; Leinberger 114; Calthorpe 91) that compact urban form of a certain density and diversity of land use supporting transit-oriented development (TOD) is required for a walkable urban environment (in contrast to a car-dependent suburban environment). It was observed during field visits to medium density developments that car-dominated environments generally lack human presence and pedestrian activity; © March 2011 Stephen Pattinson sjpattinson@paradise.net.nz
11 2. Clustered housing – Martin and March (20, 21, 45) theorised that mediumrise perimeter blocks, with central open space, make the most efficient use of urban land. Projects utilising this form of development seem to confirm this hypothesis (Scoffham and Vale 67-69). Cooper Marcus and Sarkissian (7-9, 189) advocate clustered housing (low-rise perimeter blocks limited to four storeys) as ideal for medium density housing because of the benefits to residents of the central communal space. Clusters can be arranged in varieties of ways, e.g. around curved bay forms or rectangular courtyards, to facilitate and express a sense of community; 3. Green open space – The central open spaces created by the clustering of houses provide a natural focus for a potentially wide variety of uses, including courtyards, pocket parks and accessible greens (Alexander et al. 304). Kazmierczak and James (354) identify many benefits of shared green spaces, including recreation, physical health and mental well-being, aesthetic enjoyment, sharing in voluntary work, and social interaction; 4. The needs of children in the city – a wide body of literature addresses the needs of children in city environments. As noted by Cooper Marcus and Sarkissian, communal spaces within housing clusters can be particularly beneficial to children. These authors, following the approach of Alexander et al. (1977), provide many design patterns and guidelines for meeting the needs of all age groups of children in medium density environments; 5. Sense of community – Joongsub Kim (2001) has shown that the design of the physical features of a neighbourhood can facilitate a sense of local community. Kim identifies four necessary factors for fostering ‘sense of community’ - neighbourhood identity, neighbourhood attachment, pedestrianism and social © March 2011 Stephen Pattinson sjpattinson@paradise.net.nz
Page 1 and 2: 1 Common Ground: Multivalent Commun
Page 3 and 4: 3 Executive Summary This thesis add
Page 5 and 6: 5 Attempting a participatory approa
Page 7 and 8: 7 The potential uses and meanings f
Page 9: 9 Maslow’s hierarchy of human nee
Page 13 and 14: 13 Figure 5 - Pinehill Park, Trenth
Page 15 and 16: 15 Adults (20+ yrs) Teenagers Child
Page 17 and 18: 17 1 Sustainable Neighbourhoods: TA
Page 19 and 20: 19 3 Green Open Space: TABLE 7.3 (S
Page 21 and 22: 21 4B Needs of Teenagers: TABLE 7.4
Page 23 and 24: © March 2011 Stephen Pattinson sjp
Page 25 and 26: 25 among academics, professionals a
Page 27 and 28: 27 What is ‘multivalent communal
Page 29 and 30: 29 “investigation in which the re
Page 31 and 32: 31 “The house has good party wall
Page 33 and 34: Table 2 Comparison: conventional vs
Page 35 and 36: 35 Meeting the needs of children -
Page 37 and 38: 37 Table 7 Scheme A: Hypothetical d
Page 39 and 40: 39 Hester, Randolph. Neighbourhood

Stephen Pattinson: Executive summary of thesis - New Zealand ...

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