Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp. A potential folk ... - NERIST

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Asian J Pharm Biol Res |Oct-Dec 2012 | Vol-2 | Issue-4 25 20 Number of tribes 15 10 5 0 Abdominal pain Anthelmintic Antidote Blood purifier Colics in infants Cough Diabetes Diarrhoea and dysentery Fever Gastric disorders Headache Heart trouble Heart trouble Hypertension Malarial fever Reduce weight Rheumatism Stomachache Ailments Figure 2: Clerodendrum colebrookianum used in various ailments by different tribes of North East India. β-sitosterol Colebrin A Colebrin B Colebrin D Colebrin E Figure 3: Structures of isolated compounds from Clerodendrum colebrookianum (Source: Shrivastava and Patel, 2007b). hierarchy of C. colebrookianum is presented in Table 1. Ethno Botany And Ethno Medicine Of The Genus Clerodendrum Available published literatures on ethno botany and ethno medicine of the genus Clerodendrum, especially on Clerodendrum colebrookianum in north eastern region of India since last twenty years were consulted for the present review. A review of literatures pertaining to biological activities of the plant species was also conducted to verify the validity of the folklore claims. This study covered tribal communities such as Adi, Apatani, Bodos, Chakmas, Deories, Dimasas, Garos, Khasis, Kukies, Mishing, Nishi, Nocte, Shyams and Syngphos, Sonowals, Tai-Ahoms and Tai-Khamtis residing in six north eastern states in north eastern states of India. Extensive field surveys were carried out in different areas of the state during 2010-2011. Different medicinal uses and utilization patterns of Clerodendrum colebrookianum were collected with the structured interviewed with the local inhabitants and cross check was done (Appendix A). Specimen were collected and identified by consulting the research paper and [2,7] available flora references and Herbaria at Botanical Survey of 259
Asian J Pharm Biol Res |Oct-Dec 2012 | Vol-2 | Issue-4 India (BSI) Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh were also consulted for validation of identifications. The specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of Forestry Department, NERIST, Arunachal Pradesh for further research work. It has been found that the species is known by 33 different vernacular names by the 35 tribal communities of north eastern region of India (Table 2). The species is widely used by 20 different tribes of six states of North East India for the treatment of hypertension (Table 3). Of the plant parts, leaf was used in majority of cases. In addition to hypertension, the species have also been used against other ailments like diabetes, blood purification, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dysentery, heart trouble, cough etc. (Table 4). However, majority of tribal communities of north eastern states used the species against hypertension (Figure 2). Preparations were found to be used in the form of decoction, juice, leaf extract, raw, soup, boiled, infusion etc. The present study also reveals that use of the plant as a home remedy for the treatment of hypertension is not confined to a particular group of ethnic tribe or a particular community but it is widely used by a large number of tribal communities belonging to different states of north eastern region of India. The chemical constituent of C. colebrookianum shows the presence of phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, [1] steroids etc. . Furthermore, GC MS analysis of C. colebrookianum hexane extract shows the presence of 28 [8] compounds . Five new steroids, colebrin A-E were also isolated [9] from the aerial parts of the species . Moreover, presence of β- sitosterol and sterol compounds in the leaves of C. [10, 11] colebrookianum has already been reported (Figure 3). β- sitosterol, a bioactive phytoconstituent that decrease the serum cholesterol and also have cardio protective potentiality which is a valid scientific basis for consuming it for better health in north [12] east region of India . Earlier it had been indicated a beta blocking effect on toads and dogs and a gradual fall of blood [5] pressure within humans . Antihypertensive property of C. colebrookianum has been reported from the leaf extract of the [13] species . It has been reported that C. colebrookianum extract has role in ameliorating experimentally induced insulin resistance and hypertension and provides the first pharmacological evidence for protective role of C. colebrookianum leaf against experimentally induced metabolic [8] syndrome . The pharmacological study of C. colebrookianum indicates the immense potential for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension. But still, the full potential of C. colebrookianum has not been explored. Most of the research has been in vivo and helped validate the applicability on the human system. In vitro studies could have facilitated a better understanding the mode of action of C. colebrookianum. The current research also shows leaves are used extensively for medicinal purposes. Moreover, there has not been any report regarding cultivation of the species by the local people. This is one of the major concerns for the sustainable utilization and conservation because of over harvesting from the wild which may lead to depletion of the population or extinction of the species particularly from its habitat. In addition, anthropogenic disturbances may lead the degradation of the species from natural habitats. Thus, there is an urgent need for exploration, documentation, identification and prioritization of important medicinal plant species. CONCLUSION The information from the present study needs thorough phytochemical investigation along with clinical trials. In Silico screening of the biochemical compounds and metabolites may lead to finding or predicting potential drug candidates against life threatening diseases and other bioactive compounds of other uses. Development of database, proper harvesting and cultivation techniques and also awareness programs in the state as well as region level for the conservation and management of potential species are utmost important. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors are grateful Dr. A. A. Mao, Joint Director, Botanical Survey of India, Arunachal Pradesh for identification of Clerodendrum species. The authors thank local guides and villagers for cooperation and support during the field work. REFERENCES 1. Shrivastava N, Patel T: Clerodendrum and Healthcare: An overview. Medicinal Aromatic Plant Sci. Biotech., 2007a, 1(1): 142-150. 2. Srivastava RC, Choudhary RK: Species diversity and Economic importance of the family Verbenaceae in Arunachal Pradesh. Bull. Arun. Prad. Res., 2008, 24(1&2): 1-21. 3. Bhuyan LR: Some plants used as medicines by the Nishi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh: A preliminary study. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 2003, 27(2): 447-450. 4. Buragohain J: Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by the ethnic Communities of Tinsukia District of Assam, India. Recent Res. Sci. Tech., 2011, 3(9): 31-42. 5. Nath SC, Bordoloi DN: Clerodendrum colebrookianum, a Folk Remedy for the Treatment of Hypertension in Northeastern India. Pharmaceu. Biol., 1991, 29(2): 127- 129. 6. Bordoloi B, Borthakur SK: Botanical identity of “Phuinum” a folk remedy for hypertension. Bull med-ethno. Bot. Res., CCRAS, New Delhi, 1997, 18(1/2): 18-29. 7. Hooker JD: Flora of British India. L. Reeve and Co. Ltd, Kent. 1885, IV: 589-596. 8. Jadeja RN, Thounaojam MC, Ramani UV, Devkar RV, Ramachandran A: Anti-obesity potential of Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb. leaf aqueous extract. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2011, 135(2): 338-343. 9. Yang H, Wang J, Hou AJ, Gou YP, Lin ZW, Sun HD: New steroids from Clerodendrum colebrookianum. Fitoterapia, 2000, 71(6): 641-648. 10. Jacke G, Rimpler H: Distribution of iridoid glycosides in Clerodendrum species. Phytochemistry, 1983, 22(8): 1729- 1734. 11. Goswami P, Kotoky J, Chern Z, Lu Y: A sterol glycoside from leaves of Clerodendron colebrookianum. Phytochemistry, 1995, 41(1): 279-281. 12. Devi R, Sharma DK: Hypolipidemic effect of different extracts of Clerodendron colebrookianum Walp. in normal and high-fat diet fed rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2004, 90(1): 63-68. 260
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Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp. A potential folk ... - NERIST

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