HERBOLOGIA - anubih

Aniko Farkas
showed the importance of adaptation to the water content of the soil. To
eliminate the compaction of soil near the surface all tillage methods (with the
exception of direct drilling) were sufficient, thus presenting several
possibilities to improve lesser damages. The loosening effect of the roots of
oil radish was missing in case of direct drilling, which shows that the plant is
susceptible of soil condition.
The importance of good soil condition and nutrition in the reduction
of drought losses was demonstrated again. Yield was affected most
favourable by 35-45 cm deep loosening. In dry vegetation period besides
loosening methods that spared the soil structure (cultivator) also had a
favourable effect. On the soil of the experimental area the yield reducing
effect of direct drilling in wheat and maize can be explained by weeds and
the blocking of water transport.
The yield of maize following oil radish went according to the
loosening of soil and its nutrient supply. The yield of maize was influenced
more by the water retaining capacity of the soil than by the precipitation in
the vegetation period. The undisturbed soil condition of direct drilling did not
hinder the utilization of fertilization in case of maize in a year with average
precipitation. It can be stated that in case of good nutrition supply the yield
reducing effect of compacted or sedimented soil can be diminished.
The mustard in the crop rotation had a favourable effect. By mulching
at the appropriate time we can avoid the weed-promoting effect of the
intercrop and the unnecessary water loss. The greater weed coverage in the
summer periods was promoted by the favourable loose condition and the
water content of the soil, and this way plant protection measures could be
timed and the weed seed base decreased.
The soil loosening effect of oil radish was proved by soil resistance
values. It can be employed as protecting crop in dry years if the reduction of
soil water loss is emphasized during the sowing. Oil radish improved the
cultivability and ensured a good green crop effect.
The direct drilling has a weed promoting effect, while ploughing
reduces the weeds. Tillage methods that do not turn the soil (loosening,
cultivator, disk tillage) have different weed promoting or prohibiting effects
in case of the various plants and nutrition levels.
The development of the Ambrosia artemisiifolia is the best among
conditions created by ploughing (the dormant seeds get into the germination
zone). The great competition ability of Ambrosia artemisiifolia has a
tendency for having a greater coverage in case of lower nutrition level. In
case of better nutrition the weed-limiting effect of cultivated crops is higher,
and plant protection is easier to apply.
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