levitational current - Free Energy
levitational current - Free Energy
levitational current - Free Energy
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Tree types are determined to a great extent by: latitude and altitude.<br />
(1) LIGHT-DEMANDING timbers — THICK, generally rough bark (e.g. oak, black walnut)<br />
(2) SHADE-DEMANDING timbers — THIN, generally smooth bark (e.g. beech, birch)<br />
(3) HARDWOODS — thick (e.g. oak, jarrah) and thin bark (e.g. walnut, cherry, maple, red alder)<br />
(4) SOFTWOODS — thick (e.g. redwood, pine, spruce) and thin bark e.g. (hemlock, fir, larch)<br />
GENERAL<br />
DISTRIBUTION*<br />
(5) CONIFEROUS (6) DECIDUOUS (7) RAINFOREST<br />
(evergreen) (intermittent) (evergreen)<br />
(polar latitudes) (median latitudes) (equatorial latitudes)<br />
(high altitudes) (median altitudes) (low altitudes)<br />
*These boundaries are not necessarily clearly defined.<br />
High altitude trees such as spruce have a relatively short lifespan.<br />
Shortwave ultraviolet light, with its higher energy and intensity,<br />
has a faster dynamic motion with a smaller radius and shorter<br />
period tend to favour evergreens with soft wood. In contrast, low<br />
latitude or low altitude trees like the beech, where long wavelength,<br />
low-energy, low-frequency, less intense light predominates, has<br />
harder wood and a longer lifespan.<br />
Contemporary forestry practice requires trees to grow rapidly in<br />
girth, putting on a profusion of branches. What this produces is a<br />
great quantity of poor quality timber, full of knots. The disregard by<br />
forestry of the light factor is one of the causes of the deterioration<br />
of forests.<br />
The increase of tree diseases in both logged natural forests and<br />
in plantations is a direct result of the exposure to direct sunlight and<br />
heat of a shade-demanding species. There are two ways to determine<br />
whether a tree is a light- or a shade-demander:<br />
Fig. 14.3. Tree type distribution.<br />
Shade-demanding species have thin smooth bark; growing normally<br />
in the cooler inner forest, they do not need to insulate themselves<br />
from the heating effect of direct sunlight. Light-demanding trees on<br />
the other hand have thick, coarse, thermally insulating bark, which is<br />
Nature's way of protecting them from heat and direct sunlight.<br />
14. THE LIFE AND NATURE OF TREES