THE ESSENTIAL OIL INDUSTRY IN SRI LANKA - IFEAT

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Clove Bud Oil Cloves are used in the form of whole cloves. The crop is mainly grown in the upcountry wet zone. The total extent of clove is 7,605 ha. Most of the cloves are exported, mainly to India. The eugenol acetate level is higher than other origins. Clove bud oil is produced by the steam or water distillation of the flower bud of the plant. 14 Clove& ProducAon! Main!ConsAtuents! Crop production: 5,553 mt Oil exports: 13 mt Whole&Spice& • Total!extent!of!clove!is! !!!!!!7,605ha.! ! • !!!!Total!clove!producAon!! in! !!!!!!2011!was!!5,533mt.! ! • !!!!Total!export!volume!is! !!!!!!5,195.4mt!(in!2011)! Clove&Oil& ! •!eugenol!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!75%+85%! •!eugenyl!acetate!!!!9%+16%!! Source:(Department(of(Export(Agriculture( Major constituents Physical appearance Odour Specifications of Clove Bud Oil eugenol (75-85%) eugenyl acetate (9-16%) Pale yellow clear liquid Warm, spicy and eugenolic Specific gravity at 20 °C 1.040 to 1.060 Optical rotation at 20 °C -1.5 to 0 Refractive index at 20 °C 1.5280 to 1.5370 Nutmeg oil Nutmeg is mainly a home garden crop in the central wet zone of the Island. Nutmeg and mace are the main two products of this tree and both are mainly used for culinary purposes and other food products. The total extent of nutmeg is 954 ha. Although the land area is relatively small yields are relatively high. Most of the trees are 25 to 50 years old with high productivity. The nutmeg found in Sri Lanka is similar to that found in Grenada. Sri Lankan nutmegs are low in safrol and myristicin and at the same time high in sabinene, when compared to Indonesian variety. Nutmeg oil is produced by the steam distillation of the seeds of the plant. 118
15 Crop production: 2,700 mt Oil exports: 30 mt Nutmeg'and'Mace' ! Produc9on! Whole'Spice' • !Total!extent!of!nutmeg!is! !!!954ha! ! • !Total!nutmeg!produc9on! !!!in!2011!is!2,700mt! !!!(approx)! ! • !Total!export!volume!is! !!!2,200mt!in!2011!(approx)! Main!Cons9tuents! Nutmeg'Oil' •!!α!–!pinene!!!!!13.5%!–!17.0%! •!!ß!–!pinene!!!!!!10.2%!–!11.0%! •!!sabinene!!!!!!!!!36.0%!–42.5%! •!!myris9cin!!!!!!!!!!!2.0%!–!2.7%! •!!safrol!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!0.5%!–!1.2%! Source:'Department.of.Export.Agriculture' Major constituents Physical appearance Odour Specific gravity at 20 °C 0.885 to 0.915 Optical rotation at 20 °C + 8 to + 25 Refractive index at 20 °C 1.4750 to 1.4880 Specifications of Nutmeg Oil α – pinene (13.0-17.0%) β – pinene (10.2-11.0%) sabinene (36.0-42.5%) myristicin (2.0-2.7%) safrol (0.5-1.2%) Colourless to pale yellow clear liquid Terpiny, woody and spicy nutmeg Parameter West Indies East Indies Sri Lanka Composition α – pinene (10.6- 13.2%) β – pinene (7.8-12.1%) sabinene (42.0-50.7%) myristicin (0.5-0.9%) safrol (0.1-0.2%) α – pinene (18.0-26.5%) β – pinene (9.7-17.7%) sabinene (15.4-36.3%) myristicin (3.3-13.5%) safrol (0.6-3.2%) α – pinene (13.0-17.0%) β – pinene (10.2-11.0%) sabinene (36.0-42.5%) myristicin (2.0-2.7%) safrol (0.5-1.2%) Relative density at 20 °C 0.860 to 0.880 0.885 to 0.915 0.885 to 0.915 Optical rotation at 20 °C +25 to +45 +8 to +25 +8 to +25 Refractive index at 20 °C 1.4720 to 1.4760 1.4750 to 1.4880 1.4750 to 1.4880 Solubility in ethanol 90% (v/v) 1:4 1:3 1:3 119
Page 1 and 2: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Paper present
Page 3 and 4: ! Clima&c(changes(( ( The graphs be
Page 5: Pepper Oil Pepper, which is known a
Page 9 and 10: Cardamom Oil Cardamom is cultivated
Page 11 and 12: There are 4 main distillers in the
Page 13 and 14: MAJOR CHALLENGES IN THE INDUSTRY Th
Page 15 and 16: THE FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE INDUSTRY
Page 17: THANK YOU ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!

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