Learner's Guide - Global Alliance to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis

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Training Module for Drug Distributors in Countries where Lymphatic Filariasis is Co-endemic with Onchocerciasis Learner’s Guide There are two groups of adverse reactions, general or local. General reactions and fever are positively associated with the prevalence and intensity of microfilaraemia. General adverse reactions General adverse reactions and fever are positively associated with the level and intensity of microfilaraemia. Reactions occur early during the treatment and generally do not last more than 3 days. General adverse reactions, in decreasing order of frequency, are: - headache - body ache - fever - dizziness - decreased appetite - malaise - nausea - urticaria (itching) - vomiting - wheezing and - bronchial asthma General reactions and fever are positively associated with the prevalence and intensity of microfilaraemia. Local adverse reactions The most common local reactions are scrotal nodules due to death of the adult worm. Others include, in decreasing order of frequency: - lymphadenitis (inflammation of a lymph node) - funiculitis (inflammation of the spermatic chord) - epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymus, the structure in the duct where spermatozoa are stored) - lymphangitis (inflammation of a lymphatic vessel) - orchalgia (pain in the testicle) - abscess formation, ulceration or transient lymphoedema (rare) 14
Adverse Reactions Learner’s Guide Management of adverse reactions The most important principle underlying the management of adverse reactions is that the community should be informed in advance of the possibility that such reactions can occur, and primarily in those individuals with moderate to heavy infection in whom parasites are being killed by the drugs. Equally important is access to, and provision of, appropriate medical care for all those who need it following the administration of the drugs. Drug distributors and health workers should be able to reassure patients with mild adverse reactions and should refer those with severe adverse reactions to designated treatment facilities and, if necessary, help them to reach those facilities. Health centres and local practitioners should be familiar with the symptoms that might occur and should be prepared to administer treatment, either palliative (e.g., paracetamol, phenergan) or therapeutic (e.g., intravenous fluids, cortisone). The most important principle underlying the management of adverse reactions is that the community should be informed in advance of the possibility that such reactions can occur. Monitoring and reporting of adverse reactions Improper management of adverse reactions can lead to an adverse impact on, and response to, the programme, therefore, measures should be taken to: - forewarn the community that some adverse reactions will be encountered in some individuals; - inform the community and their leaders of places where they can obtain help, if required, in the event of adverse reactions; - identify health centres with facilities for treating adverse reactions; - inform local practitioners how to treat patients who may report to them with adverse reactions. You should read carefully the next section of this guide before commencing the session to which it relates. 15
Page 1: Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Pr
Page 4 and 5: © World Health Organization, 2001
Page 7 and 8: PREFACE This training module is int
Page 9 and 10: introduction Introduction - Learner
Page 11 and 12: Presentation Learners are expected
Page 13 and 14: LEARNING UNIT 1 Goal and Strategy L
Page 15 and 16: Goal and Strategy Learner’s Guide
Page 17 and 18: LEARNING UNIT 2 The Disease Learner
Page 19 and 20: The Disease Learner’s Guide Chron
Page 21 and 22: LEARNING UNIT 3 The Drugs Learner
Page 23: The Drugs Learner’s Guide Albenda
Page 28 and 29: NOTES 16
Page 30 and 31: Training Module for Drug Distributo

Learner's Guide - Global Alliance to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis

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