Catalysis of the Isocyanate-Hydroxyl Reactions ... - Wernerblank.com
Catalysis of the Isocyanate-Hydroxyl Reactions ... - Wernerblank.com
Catalysis of the Isocyanate-Hydroxyl Reactions ... - Wernerblank.com
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Zr(AcAc) 4<br />
+ROH<br />
-ROH<br />
(AcAc) 4 Zr<br />
O<br />
R<br />
H<br />
(fast)<br />
O<br />
+AcAc<br />
-AcAc<br />
R'N<br />
H<br />
OR<br />
(slow)<br />
(fast)<br />
(AcAc) 3 Zr<br />
OR<br />
R'NCO<br />
(5)<br />
+ROH<br />
(fast)<br />
O<br />
(AcAc) 3 Zr<br />
N<br />
R'<br />
O<br />
R<br />
(AcAc) 3 Zr<br />
OR<br />
(fast)<br />
R'N=C=O<br />
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT<br />
We would like to acknowledge <strong>the</strong> suggestions and information provided by Mr. John Florio, <strong>the</strong><br />
coating formulation work conducted by Ms. Marie Picci, Mr. Dave Malkin <strong>the</strong> NMR department<br />
<strong>of</strong> Yale University for <strong>the</strong>ir assistance in <strong>the</strong> NMR studies. We would also like to thank Dr. Len<br />
Calbo for pro<strong>of</strong>reading <strong>the</strong> paper and King Industries for permission to publish this paper.<br />
REFERENCES<br />
1 E. P. Squiller, J. W. Rosthauser, “<strong>Catalysis</strong> in Aliphatic <strong>Isocyanate</strong>-Alcohol <strong>Reactions</strong>”. Water-Borne and Higher<br />
Solids Coatings Symposium, New Orleans Feb. 1987, pg. 460-477.<br />
2 I. S. Bechera and F. P. Carroll, “Unusual Catalysts for Flexible Urethane Foams”, Journal <strong>of</strong> Cellular Plastics,<br />
March/April 1980.<br />
3 S. D. Seneker and T. A. Potter, “Solvent and Catalyst Effects in <strong>the</strong> Reaction <strong>of</strong> Aliphatic <strong>Isocyanate</strong>s with<br />
Alcohols and Water”. Water-Borne and Higher Solids Coatings Symposium, New Orleans Feb. 1989, pg. 369-376.<br />
4 Selectivity is defined as ratio <strong>of</strong> n-butanol to water rate constants.<br />
5 J. E Kresta, C. S. Shen and S. I Lin, “Steric and Solvation Effects in <strong>Catalysis</strong> <strong>of</strong> Urethanes”, Soc. Plast. Eng.,<br />
Tech. Pap. (1979), 25, pg. 435-8<br />
6 F. N. Jones, S. P. Pappas and Hiro-Kuni Ono, “Recent Developments in Crosslinking Chemistry”, Water-Borne<br />
and Higher Solids Coatings Symposium, New Orleans Feb. 1985, pg. 8-24.<br />
7 D. Ihms, J. O. St<strong>of</strong>fer “Effect <strong>of</strong> Catalysts on <strong>the</strong> Kinetics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Water-Toluene Diisocyanate Reaction”. J. C. T<br />
Vol. 57, No. 722, March 1985, pg. 61-57.<br />
8 L. Kahl, M. Bock, E. Jürgens and H. J. Laas, “Aqueous Two Pack PU Clear Coats”, ECP. Nov. 1996, pg. 563-568.<br />
9 V. J. Tramontano and W. J. Blank “Novel Water-borne Polyurethane Dispersions: Advances in Ambient<br />
Crosslinking with Polyisocyanates”, Water-Borne, Higher-Solids, and Powder Coatings Symposium<br />
February 22-24, 1995, New Orleans, LA USA<br />
10 S. C. Reegen and K. C. Frisch J. Polm. Sci. A-1 part, 1970, p.2883
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