Runway excursions - SKYbrary

CONTENTS
THE AUSTRALIAN TRANSPORT SAFETY BUREAU ................................. vi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................. vii
ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................ ix
1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ........................................................................................... 1
1.2 What are runway excursions? ............................................................... 2
1.3 Objectives ............................................................................................. 3
1.4 Scope .................................................................................................... 3
2 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................... 5
2.1 Data sources .......................................................................................... 5
2.2 Data analysis of runway excursions ..................................................... 6
3 SUMMARY OF RUNWAY EXCURSION ACCIDENTS .......................... 7
3.1 General commercial aircraft accident trends ........................................ 7
3.2 General runway excursion trends ......................................................... 8
3.3 Major international runway excursions .............................................. 11
3.4 Australian runway excursions ............................................................ 14
3.5 Flight Safety Foundation review of approach and landing
accidents ............................................................................................. 19
3.6 Worldwide runway excursion accident analysis summary ................. 21
4 CREW TECHNIQUE AND DECISION-RELATED FACTORS IN
RUNWAY EXCURSION ACCIDENTS ..................................................... 25
4.1 Unstabilised approaches ..................................................................... 26
4.1.1 Unstable approaches and runway excursions .......................... 28
4.1.2 Causes and recovery from unstabilised approaches ................. 29
4.2 Too fast, too long ................................................................................ 30
4.3 Delayed braking and flight crew action .............................................. 32
4.3.1 Causes of reduced or inappropriate deceleration ..................... 35
4.4 ‘Press-on-itis’ and flight crew management ....................................... 37
4.5 Go-arounds ......................................................................................... 38
5 CREW PERFORMANCE-RELATED FACTORS IN RUNWAY
EXCURSION ACCIDENTS ........................................................................ 43
5.1 Awareness/compliance with SOPs and MELs ................................... 44
5.2 Inadequate SOPs ................................................................................. 45
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