Food Security and Nutrition in Cambodia: Pattern and ... - CDRI

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Table 1: The state of food security in Cambodia and comparable states in the process of other countries’ development GDP per capita (constant 2000 US$) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Agriculture value added per worker (constant 2000 US$) 2008 Comparable state in 2008 Comparable state in 2008 Comparable state in Cambodia 511 35 388 Bangladesh 462 - 19 1980 418 2006 Lao PDR 475 - 35 2008 516 1992 Vietnam 647 2004 22 1992 352 - India 718 2003 17 1978 478 1994 China 1,965 1993 11 1970 504 2002 Thailand 2,640 1970 12 1961 705 1980 East Asia & Pacific 1,760 1991 12 1961 534 1999 World 6,007 n.a. 3 n.a. 878 n.a. Female adult literacy rate (% of females aged 15 and above) 2005-08 Comparable state in Poverty headcount rao at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of populaon) Prevalence of undernourishment (% of populaon) 2005-07 Comparable state in 2005-07 Comparable state in Cambodia 69 26 25 Bangladesh 50 - 50 - 26 - Lao PDR 63 - 44 - 19 1997 Vietnam 90
Figure 2: Trends of poverty reduction in Cambodia and selected other South and Southeast countries 0.8 0.7 0.6 Lao PDR 0.5 0.4 Bangladesh India 0.3 0.2 0.1 China Cambodia Vietnam Thailand 0 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Source: WDI 2010. 3.3 Economic growth as driver of food security and nutrition We now compare Cambodia’s development with the development of other countries and discuss which direction Cambodia is likely to go in the future. As per capita GDP and household income increase, poverty decreases, and human development indicators in general improve. However, the progress of growth and improvement in human development indicators can be different. In some countries, economic growth and poverty reduction has come along with improvement in human development, while in others, economic growth did not improve people’s nutrition and health significantly. It is necessary to review such differential processes in order to draw lessons from some countries and learn from the experiences of others. We first compare poverty reduction across countries in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, economic growth in Cambodia and other countries compared in this study has been associated with poverty reduction, while the progress in poverty reduction considerably varies across these countries. Starting from similar poverty rates in the late 1980s, China has seen faster decline in poverty than Cambodia, thanks primarily to rapid growth in the Chinese economy. While poverty in Vietnam was higher than in Cambodia in the late 1980s, poverty rates become lower in Vietnam than in Cambodia in 2002–2007. On the other hand, poverty reduction in Cambodia is faster than that in Lao PDR, India, and Bangladesh in the same period. While Cambodia had a similar poverty level as India and Lao in the late 1980s, poverty level became significantly lower in Cambodia than in these two countries, as well as in Bangladesh, which had the highest poverty rate in recent years. Food Security and Nutrition in Cambodia: Patterns and Pathways 11
Page 1: CDRI - Cambodia’s leading indepen
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Page 6 and 7: iv A Policy Discussion Paper
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary This paper provid
Page 11 and 12: 1. Introduction South and Southeast
Page 13 and 14: For analytical purposes, the framew
Page 15 and 16: and countries. Even temporary food
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Page 23 and 24: When per capita income was low and
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