InLine

IPS
InLine
®
E D I T I O N
Dieter Grübel

IPS
InLine
®
Dieter Grübel
Ivoclar Vivadent Trainer, Liechtenstein

IMPRESSIVELY ”IN” –
THE NEW LEUCITE METAL-CERAMIC
There are innumerable ceramic assortments available on the market. New materials are consistently
being offered. If you are satisfied with a veneering ceramic, you might ask yourself: why something
new again?
Every dental technician gains experience with different ceramic assortments during his professional
life – either by interest or related to the material. However, already at the first attempt to try the
new material, you realize that the result does not resemble that which is usually achieved with the
familiar ceramic. The logical consequence: You have to adjust your processing technique to the new
ceramic. But you don’t really have time for that!
Often, it is advisable to have a closer look at the new product. In this IPS InLine Edition I try to
show you what is important before you start with a new veneering ceramic and how you can
efficiently and economically achieve a reproducible result.
My experience:
ACCURATE, FAST AND BEAUTIFUL
THE NEW
IPS
InLine
®
LEUCITE METAL-CERAMIC
Most dental technicians will find the same factors as being important when veneering metal-ceramic restorations.
For me, these factors are primarily shade stability – even after several firing cycles – optimized shrinkage
behaviour, as well as fast processing and outstanding aesthetic properties. Exactly these aspects were
considered in the development of IPS InLine.
Shade
The new shading of the ceramic enables the easy reproduction of the desired shade without shade loss, even
at high firing temperatures and after multiple firing cycles.
Shrinkage
Due to the optimized sintering behaviour of the ceramic, every restoration, no matter if small or large, can
be efficiently fabricated without complex add-on firings.
Processing
Thanks to the manifold improvements, such as the paste opaquer, which is available in ready-to-use jars or
syringes, or the fluorescence opaquer, restorations can be fabricated faster and in a more controlled fashion.
3

THE METAL FRAMEWORK – the foundation of eve
Compatibility of alloys
In order to meet the expectations of customers, it is
important to me to process a ceramic that is insensitive and
that can be processed and used on many different alloys.
According to my experience, IPS InLine can be used on highgold,
palladium-based or even base metal alloys without any
problems – also with multiple firing cycles!
Framework design
The metal framework forms the basis for efficient working. The framework determines the
success or failure of the metal-ceramic. Clinical long-term success requires good accuracy of
fit, which in turn provides stability.
IPS InLine is coordinated with a variety of Ivoclar Vivadent alloys in the CTE range of
13.8–15.0 10 -6 K -1 25–500 °C.
“The framework should be designed as small as possible in order to have as much
space as possible available for the highly aesthetic veneer ..."
That’s where the problems start with which we have to deal in the daily working routine:
– Tension cracks
– Strength
– Shrinkage
– Aesthetics
Sources of error which have to be compensated by the veneering ceramic are very timeconsuming
and have a big influence on the quality of the completed restoration.
My experiences/rule of thumb:
High-gold alloy min. 0.5 mm
Base metal alloy min. 0.3 mm
2.0 mm
1.7 mm
1.2 mm
1.5 mm 1.5 mm
0.9 mm
>_ 1.2 mm
>_ 1.2 mm
Preparation guidelines Layering diagram Framework design Completed metal framework
TIP:
Independent of the size of the tooth:
Always try to achieve a consistent layer thickness of the framework to be veneered.
4

y metal-ceramic restoration
Surface finishing
When the criteria for framework design and framework thickness have been
considered, the alloy surface is finished. It should be a matter of course to
observe certain basic rules for finishing. In addition to the type of finishers
used, the appropriate application is of utmost importance.
TIP:
Always use the same set of grinding instruments for the
respective alloy. If different instruments are used, foreign
objects will be included into the alloy surface, which may
result in bubbles or cracks in the ceramic.
An impeccable surface is achieved by using a white oxide stone for grinding.
5

HOW DO I PROPERLY HANDLE MY ALLOY?
Oxide firing – quality control of the metal framework
The last important working step before the opaquer is applied is the thermal treatment
(oxide firing), which has to be done in different ways depending on the alloy.
Different manufacturing methods
When it comes to oxide firing, there is a great confusion/uncertainty. Is oxide firing required
at all? If yes, which parameters have to be applied? This confusion can certainly be related to
the fact that there are different recommendations for the various types of alloys.
Below are some examples as provided from dental technicians to dental technicians, without
any reference to a specific alloy or manufacturer.
• Sandblast – apply opaquer
• Sandblast – oxidize – apply opaquer
• Sandblast – oxidize – sandblast – apply opaquer
• Oxidize – with/without vacuum
• Oxidize – with/without holding time
• No oxide firing required
• Sandblast – oxidize – pickle – apply opaquer • Oxidize at 925 °C, 950 °C, 1010 °C
TIP:
Since there are no universal working procedures and oxide firing temperatures,
please observe the respective Instructions for Use of the manufacturer. If no
Instructions for Use are enclosed, you should keep your hands off this alloy.
Bond between alloy and veneering
material
The oxide layer forms the most important component of the
bond between metal and ceramic. Therefore, particular
attention should be paid to this working step.
~70 % bond by diffusion (OXIDE LAYER)
~15 % bond by compression
Metal
Oxygen
Silica
~15 % mechanical bond
6
Graphic representation of the chemical bond. The alloy and ceramic “share”
oxygen atoms, which generate the adhesive bond.
[Schnettger A., Fachhochschule Osnabrück 2004]

Cleanness of the surface
The oxide firing provides information on the cleanness of the surface and thus offers a
control whether the metal framework is free of gases or contamination. The oxide must be
even and clean. If the colour is not consistent, the procedure has to be repeated.
Presoldering
With presoldering in particular, it is important
to check the cleanness of the metal framework
with oxide firing.
After oxide firing
Pickling
with PCT AScid
Cleaning
with steam
IPS d.SIGN 98
high-gold alloy
IPS d.SIGN 96
gold-reduced alloy
Pickling
Pickling of the oxide layer with PCT AScid is recommended for high-gold alloys with a zinc or
copper content to ensure a sound metal-ceramic bond.
– Processing
Place the alloy into the PCT AScid solution for 5–10 minutes. Rinse pickled
objects with water and clean with steam. PCT AScid will reliably remove oxides
and flux residue.
(Contraindicated for base metal alloys)
7

ADVANTAGES OF THE IPS INLINE OPAQUER
The IPS InLine Opaquer is characterized by its optimum consistency. Therefore, the opaquer is
ready to use without the need to mix it. This will considerably facilitate your daily working
routine. Due to the ideal consistency of the opaquer, you will always achieve the same
masking effect.
Ideal consistency, no individual mixing required.
1 st wash firing (930 °C) 2 nd opaquer firing (930 °C)
Apply a very thin layer of opaquer to ensure a sound bond
between ceramics and metal. Gases that have not escaped
during oxide firing can be eliminated during wash firing.
The second opaquer layer is used to mask the metal framework
and reproduce the shade of the natural tooth.
Optimum masking effect
Enhanced fluorescence with in-depth
effect – Opaquer F
Either apply the Opaquer F as a thin, third opaquer layer and
fire or mix up to 20% of Opaquer F with the conventional
IPS InLine Opaquers before the second layer is applied.
8

WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF DENTIN?
The brightness value of the dentin is decisive for the final result of the restoration. In virtually
all the shade ranges, the dentin has to feature a high brightness value. The opaquer supports
the dentin, which is, however, not always sufficient.
Depending on the ceramic type and properties, the dental technician has to process the
Dentin material in different ways to achieve his goal. Based on this example, I like to show
how different ceramic systems can be.
IPS Classic IPS InLine IPS d.SIGN IPS Classic IPS InLine IPS d.SIGN
Feldspar ceramics
Low colour saturation
High brightness value
IPS Classic – high translucency, low colour saturation, high brightness value
You have to focus on the dentin shade in particular. The ceramic has a very low colour saturation and may lose a lot of colour with multiple firing
cycles. This is particularly the case with high-fusing ceramic materials, such as feldspar and leucite. The colour and chroma have to be compensated
by Intensive Dentin or Deep Dentin materials.
IPS Classic IPS InLine IPS d.SIGN IPS Classic IPS InLine IPS d.SIGN
Leucite metal-ceramics
High colour saturation
Mean brightness value
IPS InLine – high translucency, high colour saturation, mean brightness value
The brightness value has to be mastered, as high translucency and high colour saturation result in a low brightness value. This is easily achieved
using Deep Dentin materials.
Fluorapatite leucite glass-ceramic
IPS Classic IPS InLine IPS d.SIGN IPS Classic IPS InLine IPS d.SIGN
High colour saturation
IPS d.SIGN – mean translucency, high colour saturation, high brightness value
The fluorapatite crystals have a very lifelike light scattering/light reflection. Hence, highly aesthetic results can be easily achieved.
High brightness value
9

THE DENTIN CORE
The most important and thus most difficult thing for me was to always have control over the
dentin. Factors, such as shade, chroma, brightness and translucency have to be contained
already in the dentin core. With the first dentin firing, these properties become visible.
The dimensions of the dentin core
All these properties (shade, chroma, brightness and translucency) have to be ideally adjusted
in size and volume to the natural tooth.
• If the dentin core is too SMALL, I automatically apply too much Impulse and Incisal materials
and the tooth shade, brightness etc. will be lost.
• If the dentin core is too LARGE, there is no space for the Impulse and Incisal materials
and the tooth will lose its aesthetic properties.
TIP:
The biggest advantage of firing the dentin core is that we can efficiently and
elegantly control the dimensions of the dentin core by individual grinding.
A lifelike surface texture is created by individual grinding.
TPP: The incisal edge has to be reduced wafer-thin to achieve a harmonious tapering of the dentin core.
Predictable results
If required, small adjustments of shade, chroma and brightness can be made using Impulse
and Incisal materials in the second firing cycle.
10

Design of the dentin core
Fully anatomical build-up of Deep Dentin and Dentin
The two ceramic materials are always used to fabricate a fully anatomical build-up. Thus, we
can achieve consistent shade, chroma, brightness and translucency in the tooth.
TIP:
This recommendation may also be applied to other
ceramics. Depending on the properties of the ceramic,
the dimensions will differ.
The translucency of the incisal edge can be ideally controlled by individual grinding of the dentin core. The incisal edge is tapered until the desired translucency is
achieved.
Big advantage: predictable results. I can see the result even before I start to cover the dentin core with Impulse and Incisal materials.
Young tooth / Translucent
Young tooth / Opaque
Incisal
Dentin
Incisal
Dentin
Deep Dentin
Deep Dentin
With high brightness and high translucency, 1 /3 of the tooth volume
is built up with Deep Dentin.
With high brightness and low translucency, 2 /3 of the tooth volume is
built up with Deep Dentin.
11

VENEERING
1 st firing
1. Line the dentin with two thirds Deep Dentin to control the translucency and entirely cover
the opaquer.
2. Subsequently, complete the tooth with Dentin materials to the natural size of the adjacent
tooth.
2 nd firing
Cover the entire tooth using the respective Incisal materials. In the present case, I mixed
Transpa Incisal TI1 with 40% Opal Effect 2 in order to increase the opacity and brightness.
My goal was to create a very young tooth with low translucency, high opacity, and a high
brightness value.
The incisal edge is covered with Opal Effect 1 to achieve a nice opal effect.
Mix Transpa Incisal TI1 with 40% Opal Effect 2 and apply.
TIP:
Always place the ceramic in the same moist condition
into the ceramic furnace. This will optimize the
firing quality and shade of the ceramic compared to
a ceramic that is placed in a dry condition into the
furnace.
Completed restoration
12

AESTHETIC RESULTS
Young tooth with
high translucency
Young tooth with
high translucency
and mamelon structure
Deep Dentin and Dentin firing
If an individual design is established by grinding, the translucency in the incisal edge can
be controlled. If required, a slight mamelon structure can be designed.
The dentin core is reduced and ends about 0.5 mm before the incisal edge.
The dentin core is reduced to a mamelon structure and ends about 0.5 mm before the incisal edge.
The incisal edge is built up to full contour with Opal Effect E1 material. Dentin material is applied to the mamelon structure. Subsequently, the area is covered with Incisal TI1.
13

THOROUGH PREPARATION
If you want to achieve your working goal quickly and efficiently, you have to invest a lot of
time in thorough planning. In implantology in particular or with large restorations, it may
have severe consequences for the final result if the preparation is not well thought-out. If
errors occur during the working process, this will considerably influence the quality of and
the time required for the fabrication of the restoration.
• Study model
A study model is of utmost
importance in order to
adjust the work individually
to the case and situation.
• Guidelines provided by the silicone matrix
The silicone matrix helps to control the shape of the metal framework.
• Study model / fully anatomical wax-up
The anatomy (marginal ridge) can be controlled with the help of the fully
anatomical study model. This will support the layering process and
subsequent grinding procedure.
• Guidelines provided by the silicone matrix
The size of the restoration may be ideally adjusted with the silicone matrix.
Consequently, the tooth can be ideally copied.
14

THE CERAMIC SHOULDER …
... has become the standard in many
laboratories
The ceramic shoulder should be a standard if predominantly
base metals are used. Hence, problems such as gingival
recession or visible black margins can be prevented.
Margin A2
Intensive Margin
Opaque
If limited space is available, it is recommended to cover the translucency of the Margin materials with a
thin layer of Intensive Margin Opaque to completely mask the metal framework.
Impressive results with the IPS InLine materials regarding accuracy of fit and shade brilliance.
Firing Brennen parameters im Programat Ofen: T B
Brennparameter 1. + 2. Margin °C Brand °C
S
Min.
➚
t
°C/Min.
H
Min.
V1
°C
V2
°C
1 st and 2 nd T Margin B firing S
➚
930 t
H403
V 1
4
V 2
60
1
450
929
930°C 403°C
Margin Add-On firing
4 Min.
60°C
900
1 Min.
403
450°C
929°C
4
60
1
450
899
15

FIRST DENTIN FIRING
For the first dentin firing, the dentin is built up to its original size. The shrinkage of the first
firing provides the space required for the Impulse and Incisal materials.
Fully anatomical build-up with Deep Dentin up to about 60% of the
entire volume of the natural tooth.
Subsequently, the Deep Dentin areas are covered with Dentin
material and built up to full size.
Fully anatomical build-up with Dentin material. Cut-back in the incisal third down to the opaquer. Deep Dentin material is thinly tapered towards the incisal edge and
subsequently covered with Dentin material.
Firing parameters
T
°C
B
°C
S
Min.
➚
t
°C/Min.
H
Min.
V1
°C
V2
°C
1 st Dentin/Incisal firing
910
403
4
60
1
450
909
16

SECOND IMPULSE AND INCISAL FIRING
First, the palatal area is built up to full contour with Incisal material. Advantage: definition of the incisal edge. Dentin and Impulse materials can be selectively applied.
Applied Impulse materials (E1, E3, Transpa blue, Occlusal Dentin
brown).
Finally, the tooth is completed using Incisal materials.
Firing parameters
T
°C
B
°C
S
Min.
➚
t
°C/Min.
H
Min.
V1
°C
V2
°C
2 nd Dentin/Incisal firing
900
403
4
60
1
450
899
17

AESTHETICS AND EXCELLENCE
Shape and texture
If you try to achieve aesthetic restorations by using a lot of Impulse materials and special
layering techniques, you will often be disappointed by the result. I have come to realize that
the search for impeccable shade matching and the attempt to ideally copy every internal
effect or defect, can only be an approximation. However, this imitation becomes more and
more easy with continuously improving ceramic assortments.
The shape and tooth surface form the basis for success. Those who succeed in establishing
the basis will also achieve what is known as the chameleon effect and thus impeccable
integration of the restoration into the natural surroundings.
Silver powder is used to analyze and control the shape and surface structure. I apply silver
powder both on the natural tooth and the restoration. This will show possible errors, which
can be selectively adjusted.
Even the smallest errors become apparent with silver powder.
18

NATURAL ENAMEL CRACK
I use the conventional Dentin materials to achieve a natural enamel crack. The Stains are very
intensive and difficult to control. To achieve a better contrast during application, I colour the
Dentin material.
Incisal material is applied up to the area where an
enamel crack is desired.
The Incisal material is carefully covered with the coloured Dentin
material.
Important: The ceramic material should be equally moist to
ensure proper application (mixing with glaze liquid).
Completed IPS InLine restoration
Conclusion
IPS InLine offers me the flexibility in processing which I need for my daily work. The
easy handling properties and the lifelike aesthetics have convinced me to integrate
IPS InLine into my daily working routine in the laboratory.
Enjoy working with IPS InLine.
Dieter Grübel
Ivoclar Vivadent Trainer | Bendererstrasse 2 | FL-9494 Schaan | Principality of Liechtenstein
19

603427/0906/e/RDV