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This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy. AUTHORS Catriona MANVILLE, RAND Europe Gavin COCHRANE, RAND Europe Jonathan CAVE, RAND Europe Jeremy MILLARD, Danish Technological Institute Jimmy Kevin PEDERSON, Danish Technological Institute Rasmus Kåre THAARUP, Danish Technological Institute Andrea LIEBE, WiK Matthias WISSNER, WiK Roel MASSINK, TNO Bas KOTTERINK, TNO RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR Fabrizio PORRINO Balázs MELLÁR Frédéric GOUARDÈRES Signe JENSEN Cécile KÉRÉBEL Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: Poldep-Economy-Science@ep.europa.eu LINGUISTIC VERSION Original: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR To contact Policy Department A or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to: Poldep-Economy-Science@ep.europa.eu Manuscript completed in January 2014 © European Union, 2014 This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy.
Mapping Smart Cities in the EU CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 6 LIST OF TABLES 7 LIST OF FIGURES 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 1. INTRODUCTION 15 1.1. Aims and objectives of the study 15 1.2. Methodology 15 1.2.1. Limitations and caveats 16 1.3. Structure of this report 16 2. THE DEFINITION OF A SMART CITY AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS 17 2.1. Background 17 2.2. Smart City definitions 21 2.2.1. Problems of definitions 21 2.2.2. Existing definitions 22 2.2.3. Towards a working definition 23 2.3. Smart City characteristics 26 2.4. The relationship between characteristics and components 29 3. MAPPING SMART CITIES OF EUROPE 32 3.1. How were Smart Cities identified for the study? 32 3.2. What does the sample tell us? 34 3.3. Mapping Smart Cities 38 4. WHAT DOES A SUCCESSFUL SMART CITY LOOK LIKE? 45 4.1. Initiative objectives vs. outcomes 46 4.1.1. Project selection criteria and sampling strategy 46 4.1.2. Approach to project analysis 48 4.1.3. Description of project types 49 4.1.4. Project attributes 53 5. SMART CITIES AND EUROPE 2020 59 5.1. Europe 2020 61 5.1.1. What is the EU’s role in Smart Cities? 62 5.1.2. Analysis of initiatives vis-à-vis Europe 2020 targets 64 PE 507.480 3
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