Synthetic Biology Applying Engineering to Biology - Europa

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TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...........................................................5 PART I WHAT IS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY? ...........................................9 DEFINITION AND SCOPE ................................................................................................... 10 THE VISION OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY .................................12 IS THE AREA GOING IN THE NEXT 10 TO 15 YEARS?................................. 12 WHERE CAN THE FIELD DELIVER? .................................................................................... 13 WHAT 13 BIOMEDICINE VIVO SYNTHESIS OF SMALL-MOLECULE PHARMACEUTICALS 14 IN THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE 15 EXPANDING SUSTAINABLE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 16 A AND ENERGY 16 ENVIRONMENT MATERIALS AND BIOMATERIALS 16 SMART AND REWARDS........................................................................................................ 18 RISKS WHAT ACTIONS SHOULD BE PROMOTED? ...........................20 ............................................................................................................................. 20 RESEARCH ............................................................................................................... 20 INFRASTRUCTURE EDUCATION........................................................................................................................... 20 PART II SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND CHALLENGES ........................22 CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES .................................................................................... 22 DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES.......................................................................................... 22 1. DEVICE FABRICATION AND CHARACTERISATION 22 2. SYSTEM DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS 24 3. ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURE 30 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 34 4
iology is the engineering of biology: the synthesis of complex, biologically Synthetic (or inspired) systems which display functions that do not exist in nature. This based perspective may be applied at all levels of the hierarchy of biological engineering – from individual molecules to whole cells, tissues and organisms. In structures synthetic biology will enable the design of ‘biological systems’ in a rational essence, systematic way. and biology is a field with enormous scope and potential. In many ways Synthetic current situation can be compared with the very early days in the development of its computer industry: it has the capacity to change quite fundamentally the way we the certain key technologies, such as medicine and manufacturing, but at this approach early stage it is hard even to guess where the most important applications will very out to lie. However, it can be expected that synthetic biology will create highly turn capabilities for the use of bio-inspired tools and processes that will be generic in industry and the economy. It is likely that open and public scientific applicable will be embedded very quickly in an unrivalled set of technological knowledge representing an arena, which will have vast implications for the “solutions”, and control of intellectual property. It is obvious that Europe should invest ownership this area, in order to create the necessary intellectual and physical infrastructures, in capture a share of the valuable intellectual property that is at stake. and biology is a nascent field, and there is currently no systematic, global Synthetic to coordinate the developments in this field. Much of the research so far has effort pioneered by individual groups in the US, and the European research been has been relatively slow to embrace the field. At the same time, there is community tremendous pool of expertise within the EU community that could be tapped to a a European programme in synthetic biology to develop. What is needed, and is help established in the US either, is a framework for coordinating the current not fostering a community of researchers (particularly among younger research, and creating a forum for the establishment of clear goals, shared tools scientists) agreed standards. It is also important to address ethical and safety concerns, and to address potential or perceived risks of synthetic biology from the very and are several reasons for this, both technical and fundamental. At the level of There biological science, it has become clear that an understanding of the way cells basic requires more than simply a list of the ‘parts’, as provided to some degree by work sequencing for example. We need to know how the parts operate together – genome genes and proteins modify each other’s behaviour, for example, and how they how to form modules and circuits analogous to those in electronic systems. This interact which is advancing within the field known as systems biology, is understanding, the conceptual tools needed for the rational construction and redesign of providing ‘biological circuitry’. such biology relies heavily on the development of new tools such as Systems models of complex systems, bio-informatics, and experimental techniques computer exploring gene interactions. At the same time, the methods of standard for and biotechnological research, such as the chemical modification of biochemical and the splicing and rearrangement of genetic information in DNA, have proteins EXECUTIVE SUMMARY What is Synthetic Biology? Opportunities for Europe beginning, so that future development work can be done in conditions of public trust. Why is synthetic biology emerging now as a field of research? 5
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