sonet 101

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What is SONET? Figure 1-1 • SONET Optical Line Rates Optical Carrier Level Electrical Equivalent Line Rate Mbps OC-1 STS-1 51.84 OC-3 STS-3 155.52 OC-12 STS-12 622.08 OC-24 STS-24 1244.16 OC-48 STS-48 2488.32 OC-192 STS-192 9953.28 NOTE: The higher line rates are integer multiples of the base rate of 51.84 Mbps. For example, OC-12 = 12 x 51.84 Mbps = 622.08 Mbps. The highlighted fiber-optic rates are the most widely supported. 4
What is SONET? SONET MULTIPLEXING Figure 1-2 illustrates the basic multiplexing structure of SONET. Any type of service, ranging from voice to high-speed data and video, can be accepted by various types of service adapters. A service adapter maps the signal into the payload envelope of the STS-1 or virtual tributary (VT). New services and signals can be transported by adding new service adapters at the edge of the SONET network. All inputs are eventually converted to a base format of a synchronous STS-1 signal (51.84 Mbps or higher). Lower speed inputs such as DS-1s are first bit- or bytemultiplexed into virtual tributaries. Several synchronous STS-1s are then multiplexed together in either a single- or two-stage process to form an electrical STS-n signal (n = one or more). STS multiplexing is performed at the Byte Interleave Synchronous Multiplexer. Basically, the bytes are interleaved together in a format such that the low-speed signals are visible. No additional signal processing occurs except a direct conversion from electrical to optical to form an OC-n signal. 5 SONET <strong>101</strong>
Page 1: HDSL About • IXC • BISDN • CC
Page 6 and 7: What is SONET? STS-1 51.84 Mbps STS
Page 8 and 9: What is SONET? Figure 1-3 • ISDN
Page 10 and 11: What is SONET? Transport Overhead S
Page 12 and 13: What is SONET? Path Terminating Equ
Page 14 and 15: What is SONET? VT payloads and VT p
Page 16 and 17: What is SONET? STS Path Overhead Fi
Page 18 and 19: What is SONET? Frame 1 STS-1 Pointe
Page 20 and 21: What is SONET? SONET NETWORK ELEMEN
Page 22 and 23: What is SONET? Broadband Digital Cr
Page 24 and 25: Why Synchronize? SYNCHRONIZATION HI
Page 26 and 27: Why Synchronize? External Reference
Page 28 and 29: What are the Benefits of SONET? Nod
Page 30 and 31: What are the Benefits of SONET? GRO
Page 32 and 33: What are the Benefits of SONET? DSX
Page 34 and 35: What are the Benefits of SONET? NEW
Page 36 and 37: What are the Benefits of SONET? OPT
Page 38 and 39: SONET OAM&P FOTS A FOTS DSX or Digi
Page 40 and 41: SONET OAM&P Interexchange Carrier N
Page 42 and 43: SONET OAM&P TELECOMMUNICATIONS MANA
Page 45 and 46: 5 HDSL SONET • IXC • BISDN •
Page 47 and 48: SONET Networking Switching Node DSX
Page 49 and 50: SONET Networking Enhanced Survivabi
Page 51 and 52: SONET Networking Local Inter-Node D
Page 53 and 54: SONET Networking OC-n OC-n City A C
Page 55 and 56:
SONET Networking HUB — Switching
Page 57:
SONET Networking Hub Application Un
Page 60 and 61:
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Conve
Page 62 and 63:
Contributions to SONET Working in c
Page 64 and 65:
List of Terms CEPT—European Confe
Page 66 and 67:
List of Terms Packet Switching—An
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sonet 101

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