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water use for that area or process can be monitored and leaks and other malfunctions may be identified. Submeter locations will include: Laundry operations Swimming pools and spas Food service & kitchens Irrigation systems Separate water heating systems Makeup/feed water for blowdown water from cooling towers and boilers Condensate return lines to boilers Kidney dialysis water treatment systems Water treatment system and for the reject water Other types of water using equipment or process that consumes water Records for water use shall be maintained to monitor water use on a daily basis and to identify any water waste that is taking place. Control Maximum Pressure within Buildings When static water pressure in a building exceeds 3.0 bars (43.5 psi), an approved type of pressure regulator and pressure relief valve shall be installed and properly maintained by the customer so that the water pressure is reduced to 3.0 bars (43.5 psi) or less. Plumbing Fixtures Toilets shall be dual flush models with a maximum average flush volume of 6/3 liters per flush). Pressure assist toilets shall have a maximum flush volume of 4.8 liters (1.3 Gallon) per flush. Single flush toilets with a maximum flush volume of 4.8 liters per flush. Urinals shall have a maximum flow rate of 1.9 liters/flush, (0.5 Gallon per flush) or shall be zero water consumption urinals. Showerheads shall have a maximum rated flow of 7.6 liters per minute (2 GPM) at 3 bars. Self closing faucets with preset flow times shall be installed on lavatories intended to serve the transient public and shall deliver not more than 1.0 liters (0.26 Gallons) of water per use. Maximum flow rate and consumption of notmetered faucets for public lavatory shall not exceed 4.5 liters/min (1.19 GPM) at 3 bars. Faucets for homes and hotel guest rooms shall not exceed a flow of 4.5 liters/min at 3 bars. Residential kitchen faucets shall not exceed a maximum rated flow of 9.0 liters/min (2.38 GPM) at 3.0 bars. Residential Appliances Dishwashers shall use less than 24 liters (6.3 Gallons) per load (Standard) and 16.7 liters (4.4 Gallons) per load (Compact). Food Service Equipment Commercial kitchen hand washing faucets shall not exceed 4.5 liters per minute. Ice making machines shall be air-cooled, Water-cooled ice machine are prohibited. Commercial refrigeration shall be air-cooled, or if water-cooled, shall have a closed looped system. No once-through, single-pass systems are permitted. Combination ovens shall not consume more than 38.0 liters/min (10 GPM) in the full operational mode. Food Steamers shall be boiler-less or self– contained models where applicable. Pre-rinse dishwashing spray valves shall have a maximum rated flow of 6.0 liters/minute (1.6 GPM) or less. Dipper wells shall have an in-line flow restrictor limiting flows to no more than 3.0 liters per minute (0.8 GPM). Commercial dishwasher conveyor type: o High temperature sanitizing machines shall use no more than 2.6 liters (0.7 Gallon) per rack. o Chemical sanitizing machines shall use no more than 2.3 (0.6 Gallon) liters per rack. Commercial dishwasher door type: o High temperature sanitizing machines shall use no more than 3.6 (1.0 Gallon) liters per rack. o Chemical sanitizing machines shall use no more than 4.4 liters (1.2 Gallon) per rack. Commercial dishwasher under-counter type: o High temperature sanitizing machines shall use no more than 3.4 (0.9 Gallon) liters per rack. o Chemical sanitizing machines shall use no more than 3.7 liters per rack (1 Gallon). Imported Medical and Laboratory Equipment Dry vacuum pumps shall be used, unless fire and safety codes for explosive, corrosive or oxidative gasses require a liquid ring pump. The most water-efficient steam sterilizers available shall be used. Digital imaging and radiography systems shall be used instead of water-consuming film development. Where large-frame x-ray films of more than 150 mm (5.9 Inches) in either length or width are required, use film processor water recycling units shall be used. Clothes washers shall have a water factor not to exceed 8.75 liters per kilogram of wash load.
In-Building Potable Water Treatment Systems Use the most efficient water treatment systems available for all filtration processes. Pressure gauges shall be used to determine and display when to backwash or change cartridges. For all ion exchange and softening processes, recharge cycles shall be set by volume of water treated or based upon conductivity or hardness. Reverse osmosis (RO) equipment shall reject no more than one liter (0.26 Gallon) of water for every one liter of permeate produced for water softening. Reject water from RO systems shall be reused, either with or without additional treatment as required, for appropriate uses such as laundry and landscape irrigation. Landscape Areas: All landscapes shall be designed and maintained in accordance with water wise landscaping principles. Apply the correct amount of water to the correct place at the correct time. Irrigate using low-volume drip irrigation systems. Turn the system valve off when the correct amount of water has been applied. Do not use sprinklers except for turf areas. Eliminate water wasting practices such as hosing of hard surfaces for cleaning purposes. Cleaning machines should be considered as an alternative. Immediate repair of irrigation leaks and proper programming of automatic irrigation controls should be a landscape management priority. Use proper irrigation practices such as watering in the early morning when temperatures are lowest and evaporation is minimized, revising irrigation schedules according to seasonal requirements, and the timely detection of leaks. Maintenance of the irrigation system should be part of the regular duties of park management personnel. Use only non-potable water (such as recycled water, gray water, rain water) to irrigate landscapes. Mulches should be applied and regularly augmented or replaced for best results. Sweep park facilities such as tennis courts, basketball courts, and park buildings for regular sanitary purposes and only use the amounts of water needed for human health and safety purposes. Showerheads, faucets, and toilets in park facilities should be equipped or retrofitted with efficient fixtures. During high temperature seasons, operate water features only when they can be enjoyed. Covers should be used to reduce evaporation losses. BMPS FOR UTILITY MANAGEMENT The following are the common best management practices for Utility Management in the HRHD areas that aim towards water demand reduction: Management Company A public, private, or public-private new institution with a limited charter should be established to administer the planning and implementation of water-related functions in HRHD areas. The management company would be ideally guided through a Board of Directors composed of members from responsible governmental agencies and stakeholders. Each of these agencies would bring its particular technical expertise and support to advance the mission of the management company. Inspection Program For water demand reduction BMPs to remain effective on the long run, it will be necessary to establish a robust inspection program to ensure that all plumbing systems in HRHD areas are built and maintained to a high standard of professionalism. Maintenance of such systems is extremely important to prevent leakage, and wastage of water. Inspection programs go hand-in-hand with plumbing codes and standards adopted for plumbing and water using equipment, appliances and fixtures. Recycled Water and Grey Water Reuse Promulgate legislation to require use of recycled water when and where available for non-potable applications in urban areas. Enact legislation prohibiting use of potable water (raw or treated) for non-potable uses when/where recycled water is available. Provide satellite water recycling systems in HRHD developments so that the need for long transmission lines would be obviated. Impose conditions providing for competent operation and maintenance of on-site treatment systems with a view toward: Metering and record keeping, Operation and maintenance requirements, Prevention of nuisance conditions, Protection of public health, Controlling the possibility of cross connection between recycled and potable lines,
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Page 5: Water Conservation pricing (tariffs

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