Chapter16 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis Topics you're not ...

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GlucoseGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphateNADNADH1,3-BisphosphoglycerateNADNADHCH 2 OHCH 3EthanolHOCOC ONADHCH 3O 2 NADPyruvateO 2CO2O 2O OCCO2OH C OHCOCH 3CH 3 C S CoAlactateCH 3Acetyl CoAVI. Cancer and glycolysis: Cancer cells grow more rapidly than the blood vessels that nourish them.Since blood supplies oxygen, cancer cells metabolize glucose anaerobically (in order to regenerateNAD + ) until sufficient vascularization occurs. In the absence of oxygen a transcription factor, HIF-1(hypoxia-induces transcription factor) stimulates expression of glucose transporters which transportglucose into the cell. HIF-1 also stimulates the growth of new tumors by enhancing vascularization.Efforts are underway that inhibit vascularization of tumors.
Gluconeogenesis1. Introduction- Converts pyruvate and other precursors into glucose to maintain constant serum glucose levelto supply brain, blood cells, etc., with fuel- Most gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver, the major exporter of glucose (also in cortex ofkidney)- 7 of 10 glycolytic reactions are utilized by gluconeogenesis:GlucoseGlucose 6-phosphateFructose 6-phosphateFructose 1,6-bisphosphateDihydroxyacetone phosphateGlyceraldehyde 3-phosphateGlycerol (fats)1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate3-Phosphoglycerate2-PhosphoglyceratePhosphoenopyruvateOxaloacetateAmino acidsPyruvateLactateAmino acids
Page 1 and 2: Chapter16 - Glycolysis and Gluconeo
Page 3 and 4: - The second ATP-requiring step is
Page 5 and 6: III. Entry of fructose and galactos
Page 7: GlucoseHexokinaseGlucose-6-phosphat
Page 11 and 12: PyruvatePyruvateATPMatrixADPOxaloac
Page 13: Problems: 8, 9a), b), d), 11, 14, 1

Chapter16 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis Topics you're not ...

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