Coal Blooded: Putting Profits Before People

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PART VII: WHAT SHOULD BE DONE? 5458CONCLUSIONAPPENDIX 5960GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMSAPPENDIX 1: COMPLETE PLANT-LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICEPERFORMANCE RANKING 63APPENDIX 2: COMPLETE CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICEPERFORMANCE RANKING 70APPENDIX 3: METHODOLOGY 71APPENDIX 4:REVIEW OF THEPOLICY LANDSCAPE 77APPENDIX 5: PROFILES OF 12 WORST OFFENDING COAL PLANTS 80IMAGE CREDITS 93END NOTES 95Page | 3
FOREWORD:The Movement forEnvironmental and Climate JusticeEnvironmental issues are not isolated instances. They are a broad nationalconcern with civil rights implications. Historically, people of color havedisproportionately experienced negative outcomes associated with theirphysical environment.Communities of color have been forced tocontend with land appropriation, toxicworking conditions, polluted neighborhoodsand other conditions that have adetrimental effect on their environmentsand socioeconomic opportunities. It was inthe 1960s and 1970s, mainstreamaudiences who were galvanized into actionby the publication of Silent Spring, and whoresponded with “not in my backyard” whenfaced with environmental hazards thatwould impact public health and privateproperty. While white middle-classcommunities were often successful incombating these threats, “the path of leastresistance became an expressway leadingto the one remaining toxic frontier--peopleof color communities.” 1 However, in 1982, acommunity battle against a controversialpolychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) disposallandfill, in rural Warren County, NorthCarolina, mobilized hundreds of AfricanAmericans in civil disobedience and led toover 500 arrests. 2 The fight was widely citedas the spark which ignited theEnvironmental Justice (EJ) Movement.Pioneering work by Bunyan Bryant, PauMohai, Robert Bullard and others, alongwith groundbreaking reports, most notablyin 1983, by the U.S. GovernmentAccounting Office and in 1987, by theCommission for Racial Justice of the UnitedChurch of Christ, confirmed that there wasa direct correlation between race and toxicwaste sites: “Although socioeconomicstatus appeared to play an important role inthe location of commercial hazardous wastefacilities, race still proved to be moresignificant.” 3In September 1991, over 600 grassrootsleaders from every state in the U.S.attended the First National <strong>People</strong> of ColorEnvironmental Leadership Summit inWashington, D.C. This summit broadenedthe scope of the growing EJ movement toinclude issues of public health, land use,transportation, housing, resourceallocation, and community empowerment. 4One legacy of the event was a statementcalled the “Principles of EnvironmentalJustice,” which outlined the following keydemands: 5Page | 4
Page 6 and 7: The “cessation of the production
Page 8 and 9: A demand for a moratorium on all ne
Page 10 and 11: INTRODUCTIONThis report focuses on
Page 12 and 13: PART I:Coal Dependencein the United
Page 14 and 15: peoples to be relocated, and to lea
Page 16 and 17: Nearly six million Americans livewi
Page 18 and 19: EPA's assessments are correct, then
Page 20 and 21: weather events will cause more seve
Page 22 and 23: Country1900-2005 Emissions (% of 20
Page 24 and 25: Ranking Environmental Injustice: A
Page 26 and 27: data can give a more detailed insig
Page 28 and 29: U.S.A COLOR FAILING PLANTS0 Plants1
Page 30 and 31: Figure 6: Map of Plant Locations 76
Page 32 and 33: PART III:A Corporate Environmental
Page 34 and 35: their plants is relatively high, bu
Page 36 and 37: PSEGPSEG has the fourth-worst CEJP
Page 38 and 39: DOMINIONDominion, the company with
Page 40 and 41: Xcel ENERGYXcel Energy has the tent
Page 42 and 43: This pattern of profitability holds
Page 44 and 45: from renewable sources by 2020. Sou
Page 46 and 47: Emissions Controls or Decommissioni
Page 48 and 49: Combining Environmental Justice and
Page 50 and 51: “Ultimately, accomplishing climat
Page 52 and 53:
How Did it Happen?The decision by M
Page 54 and 55:
See the website of the Chicago Clea
Page 56 and 57:
Specific actions should include the
Page 58 and 59:
• REGULATORY Rules being proposed
Page 60 and 61:
APPENDIXPage | 59
Page 62 and 63:
vulnerable poor communities — bot
Page 64 and 65:
APPENDIX I:Complete Plant-Level Env
Page 66 and 67:
Parent Company/EntityPlant NameCapa
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
APPENDIX III:MethodologyPlant-Level
Page 74 and 75:
In order to obtain data on average
Page 76 and 77:
This information was updated in Mar
Page 78 and 79:
APPENDIX IV:Review of the Policy La
Page 80 and 81:
StateState-level efforts include, f
Page 82 and 83:
#1 and #2 Crawford and FiskChicago,
Page 84 and 85:
#3 Hudson Generating StationJersey
Page 86 and 87:
#5 State Line Power PlantHammond, I
Page 88 and 89:
#7 River Rouge Power PlantRiver Rou
Page 90 and 91:
#9 Cherokee StationCommerce City, C
Page 92 and 93:
#11 Four Corners Steam PlantNiinahn
Page 94 and 95:
IMAGE CREDITSCover: Coal Fired Powe
Page 96 and 97:
END NOTES12345678910111213141516171
Page 98 and 99:
535455565758596061CIA World Factboo
Page 100 and 101:
10410510610710810911011111211311411
Page 102 and 103:
15615715815916016116216316416516616
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