LONG DISTANCE AGREEMENT IN HINDI-URDUw This paper ...

796RAJESH BHATTdemonstrate that restructuring is obligatory. Then as expected, wefind that Long Distance Agreement is obligatory.(62)a. Ram-ko i [t i davaaii khaaRam-Dat medicine.F eatle-nii/*le-naa]chaahiyeTAKE-Inf.F/TAKE-Inf.MSg shouldthii/*thaabe.Pst.FSg/*be.Pst.MSg‘Ram should have eaten the medicine.’b. kapr:e i [t i aaj-tak banclothes.MPl today-by make Intrjaa-ne/*jaa-naa]chaahiyeGO-Inf.MPl/GO-Inf.MSg shouldthe/*thaabe.Pst.MPl/*be.Pst.MSg‘The clothes should have been made by today.’6.4. The Interpretive Effects of Long Distance AgreementThe presence of Long Distance Agreement has been noted in theliterature to have certain interpretive effects. Hook (1979: 30) writes:After having said all this about agreement at a distance, it must be recognized thatnot all speakers observe it to the same degree. ... For some speakers there is adifference in meaning: Observing agreement at a distance puts emphasis on theobject. Non-observance suggests a more general activity.He contrasts (63a) with (63b), noting that (63a) involves a less specificaction than (63b).(63)a. No LDA:us-ne [kursiy~a: tor:-naa] shuruu ki-yaahe-Erg chairs.FPl break-Inf.MSg start do-Pfv.MSg‘He began breaking chairs.’b. LDA:us-ne [merii aaraam-kursii tor:-nii] shuruu ki-ihe-Erg my.F rest-chair.FSg break-Inf.F start do-Pfv.FSg‘He began breaking my easy chair.’The general claim, following Hook (1979: 30) in Davison (1988)and Butt (1995), is that embedded objects that, agree long distance