15th Century Italian Dance

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6 15th Century Italian DanceRvL -- Riverenza LThe riverenza done in bassadanza time is done in a singlebar, or six beats. Here is now to do a riverenza beginningon the left foot, in six beats:• Push the left foot forwards, somewhat ahead of theright.• Pause• Bring the left foot backwards, to somewhere behindwhere it started.• Bend both knees, keeping the body straight up anddown, keeping the head upright and facing forwards,as shown in the picture.• Begin rising off your knees, starting to straighten your knees andstart coming back into place.• Return to the upright position with the feet back where they started,straightening both knees and rising back into place.A Riverenza on the right foot is done in the same way, except using theright foot.CnL -- ContinenzaLeftCnR -- ContinenzaRightThis pair of steps is done in the same way as a stepping branle, done inthe Burgundian Basse Danses. To do these as a pair of steps, the dancerstake a single step to the left, join feet together, and then step back towardsthe right, joining feet together again. The steps are done in an Italianmanner, with the same sort of rising and falling movements seen in theItalian Reprise. Each step takes the same time as a single step.Occasionally they are done right then left, although almost never singly.CbL --Cambiamento LeftSimply, change weight onto the Left foot. A Cambiamento Right is achange of weight onto the Right foot. This step takes no time -- it shouldbe done as part of the previous step. For example, a Single Left followedby a Cambiamento Right is done by stepping forwards on the left foot,closing feet with the right foot, then quickly shifting weight so that yourweight is on the right foot.MvL -- Meza VoltaLeftA quick half turn, to the left, ending up facing in the opposite direction tothe one you started. A Meza Volta Right is simply the same thing doneturning to the Right.VtL -- Volta tondaLeftThis is a full turn, to the Left, ending up facing the way you started. Avolta tonda Right is the same thing done turning to the right.
15th Century Italian Dance 7Perfect DancingOf course, there is a lot more to perfect dancing than just knowing all ofthe steps and timing. Domenico talks in his treatise about grace, maniera,and “fantasmata”, which is a “physical quickness which is controlled bythe understanding of the misura”.Cornazano also talks quite a bit about dance style. The important pointsthat he raises include the following:Memoria (memory)“Memoria entails that you must remember the steps that you intend toperform, displaying the principles of dancing.”Misura (measure)“Misura is other than remembering the dance, that you must make yoursteps in orderly arrangement and in accordance with your musician”.Misura is the ability to be able to relate the knowledge of the steps to thetiming of the music, and the ability to physically relate them together onthe dance floor.Maniera (manner)“Maniera is, besides remembering the dance and moving with misura, thatyou must give attention to the things that you are performing:campeggiano and ondeggiano with the torso, in accordance with the footthat moves. For instance when you move the right foot to perform adoppio, you must cameggiare on the left foot which remains on theground, and somewhat turn the torso to that side, ondeggiare during thesecond short step and elevate suavely above that one, and with the samegrace lower on the third step that completes the doppio.”The objective here is to keep the body moving with the feet. When movingforwards on the second beat of a doppio, raise your body up and turn yourtorso (hip and shoulder) towards the direction of movement. On the finalbeat of a doppio, lower the body again and straighten the shoulders.This achieves a very different style compared with the French andBurgundian dances, and also quite different to the 16th century Italiandances which use shoulder and body movement in a very different way.Aire“Aire ... will cause you to be pleasureable to those who watch you. Aboveall, you must perform with a happy countenance and cheerfully.”Diversita di cose“Diversita di cose is being able to perform different dances successivelyand never making one like the other, that is, execute [the steps] in variousstyles. That which has been done once, do not repeat it immediately -- butthis section applies more to the man than to the woman.”
Page 3 and 4: 15th Century Italian Dance 3Tempi a
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15th Century Italian Dance

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