Ash Management Guide for Private Forest Landowners

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seeding of non-ash species.• SI = >55: Consider management for timber with thecautions listed below for specific NPCs. Ash reduction,salvaging, and regeneration by planting, underplanting, anddirect seeding to non–ash species may be appropriate. Usethe NPC tree table, Silviculture Interpretation Table R-1,Suitability ratings of trees, to select non-ash species bestadapted to the site.• When working in black ash stands, always monitortreatment results and apply lessons learned to future blackash management opportunities.• PRECAUTIONS FOR SPECIFIC NATIVE PLANTCOMMUNITIES AT RISKThe following communities are at risk for hydrologic damage ifthe tree cover is significantly altered. Generally, managementactions should be lightly applied, and follow up monitoring ismandatory.WFn55 – Northern Wet Ash Swamp• When there is substantial aspen or balm of Gilead (bam)in the stand, use partial harvesting techniques such as2-step shelterwood and strip clearcut, or use dominantthinning when the stand is not merchantable. Suckeringaspen and bam will help avoid swamping the site.• When substantial aspen or bam is lacking:• Stands with a site index of 55 or greater, partial harvestingand dominant thinning are possible. However, extreme careshould be taken by removing not more than 50% of thebasal area at one time.• Stands with a site index under 55, avoid harvesting andintermediate stand treatment but consider establishingnon-ash species.• Underplant or aerial seed appropriate species listed in theNPC tree tables, Silviculture Interpretation Table R-1,Suitability ratings of trees, to select species alternates toash. Browse protection will be necessary.• In the absence of any harvesting or intermediate standtreatments, consider hand felling or girdling to create gapsfor the establishment of non-ash species.WFn64 – Northern Very Wet Ash Swamp• Avoid harvesting or intermediate stand treatments.• In lieu of any harvesting, consider underplanting or aerialseeding appropriate species listed in the NPC tree tables,Silviculture Interpretation Table R-1, Suitability ratings oftrees, to select species alternates to ash. Browse protectionwill be necessary.• Consider creating small gaps by hand felling or girdlingwhen underplanting and seeding.WFs57 – Southern Wet Ash Swamp• This is a rare community often found near springs, mostlyin rugged topography of the Blufflands Subsection andalong the tributaries of the Minnesota and St. Croix rivers.• Avoid any harvesting or intermediate treatments in orimmediately adjacent to these communities. Allow othertree species to naturally seed or develop in the understory.62
Appendix BQuestions & Answers about Quarantinesand Compliance AgreementsQ1. What is a quarantine?A1. A quarantine is a temporary rule intended to help preventa potentially dangerous or destructive pest or diseaseorganism from spreading outside a known infested areainto new areas. In the case of emerald ash borer (EAB), thequarantine is designed to limit the movement of potentiallyinfested firewood or other materials such as live ash treesthat might harbor EAB larvae.Q2. As of November 2009, what areas of Minnesota arecurrently quarantined for emerald ash borer?A2. As of October 2009, the EAB quarantine in Minnesotaconsisted of the counties of Ramsey, Hennepin and Houston.See the most current EAB quarantine in Minnesota.(www.mda.state.mn.us/en/plants/pestmanagement/eab/eabquarantine.aspx)Q3. What are regulated articles?A3. The following are three categories of regulated articles:• The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis),• Ash trees (Fraxinus sp.), ash limbs and branches, ashstumps and roots, ash logs, ash lumber, ash chips andash bark chips, and• Firewood of any hardwood (deciduous) species.Q4. What is the definition of firewood?A4. Firewood means wood that is cut to lengths less thanfour feet long. This includes firewood cut for personal use.Q5. What is a Compliance Agreement?A5. A Compliance Agreement is a document that describeshow a company will properly treat regulated articles to mitigatethe spread of EAB and adhere to the quarantine law.A MDA representative is available to discuss ComplianceAgreements in more detail at the request of any businessor other entity involved in moving regulated articles. MDAcan provide free training on EAB and also help determinehow any business can lower the risk of spreading EAB withthe least amount of disruption to business practices.Q6. Do I need a Compliance Agreement?A6. If you are moving regulated articles (e.g., ash materialor hardwood firewood) out of a quarantine area youwill need a Compliance Agreement. Ash material thatoriginates from a non-quarantine county and transits thequarantine may require a Compliance Agreement, and it isrecommended you contact MDA for further information.Q7. How do I get a Compliance Agreement?A7. You can contact the Arrest the Pest Hotline at 651-201-6684 in the Twin Cities or 888-545-6684 in greaterMinnesota, or e-mail us at arrest.the.pest@state.mn.usand say you are interested in a Compliance Agreement foremerald ash borer. An MDA official will work with youto determine which Compliance Agreements, if any, areneeded, explain the requirements, and work with you toimplement any needed quarantine restrictions.Q8. Why is all hardwood firewood regulated instead ofonly ash firewood?A8. Once a log has been cut and split, it is extremely difficultto identify ash wood from other hardwood species.While this is especially true for the casual firewood userand homeowners, the experience of other EAB regulatoryagencies across the nation have shown that the same hasoften applied to firewood businesses, too. Therefore, dueto the potential risk associated with moving EAB-infestedfirewood, all hardwood firewood is regulated. There areno EAB quarantine restrictions on coniferous species offirewood, such as pine, spruce and fir.Q9. Does the quarantine affect movement of hardwood(non-ash) nursery stock or hardwood (non-ash) woodproducts?A9. In regards to EAB there are no restrictions on theintrastate movement of non-ash hardwood products suchas nursery stock, logs, branches, green lumber or chips inMinnesota. However, the movement of all hardwood firewoodout of quarantined counties is regulated.Q10. Does the quarantine affect the movement ofmaterial within the quarantine areas?A10. There are guidelines or best management practicesfor working with ash in known infested areas (PDF).There are no legal restrictions for the movement of regulatedmaterials within the quarantine.Q11. What can I do with my ash material from aquarantined county?63
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We gratefully acknowledge Melvin Ba
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Table of ContentsChapter 1A History
Page 7 and 8:
The Delphi Survey ProcessThe Univer
Page 9:
The Emerald Ash Borer & Chestnut Bl
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Chapter 1A History of Minnesota’s
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Chapter 2MinnesotaAsh SpeciesIdenti
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How to tell an ash from an ashIdent
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 3Ash: A 21stCentury Resourc
Page 21 and 22: Ash wood has been gathered and shap
Page 23 and 24: igger, then ash is not the first ch
Page 25 and 26: Photo by Pennsylvania Department of
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 4The EmeraldAsh BorerA litt
Page 29 and 30: feed on ash leaves for a few weeks
Page 31 and 32: will likely reduce population build
Page 33: Chapter 5The Native PlantCommunitie
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 5The Native PlantCommunitie
Page 39 and 40: Wet Forest: Dieback and declineEmer
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 5The Native PlantCommunitie
Page 44: Chapter 5The Native PlantCommunitie
Page 49 and 50: Mesic hardwood forests have a diver
Page 51 and 52: the invasion of undesirable plants
Page 53 and 54: for ash roots to reach mineral soil
Page 55 and 56: and re-colonize a burned landscape.
Page 57: A general overview of ash species d
Page 61 and 62: Survey Recommendations: WildlifeUnt
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 7Other Implicationsof EAB a
Page 65 and 66: Windthrow MortalityAll hardwood for
Page 67: • Create conditions favorable for
Page 71 and 72: Appendix CMinnesota Department of N
Page 73 and 74: GLOSSARYabiotic: Nonliving parts of
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Ash Management Guide for Private Forest Landowners

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