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Improvements in energy efficiency do not match theincreased energy required for more complexrefineries•EU refineries energy intensity and-13 %•94•92•specific consumption•6.4%•Energy Intensity Index•90•88•86•84•82•80•% of feed•Energy Intensity index•6.2%•6.0%•5.8%•5.6%•Specific energy consumption•(% of feed)•78•1990 •1992 •1994 •1996 •1998 •2000 •2002 •2004•5.4%1515•Source: Solomon Associates