WHLP MTCT HIV_AIDS.pdf - The network - Towards Unity For Health

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Population Profile: KenyaTotal Population31.3 millionAnnual Population growth Rate (%) 1.53Rate of annual increase in population 3.5%Total Fertility Rates (TFR) (15-49 years) 5.0Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)(Per 1000) 78Under-five Mortality Rate 114Crude birth rate (per 1000 live births) 29.35Crude death rate (per 1000 live births) 14.8Life expectancy (women)49 yearsHIV-infected1.4 millionAIDS deaths 140,000 adults in 2003AIDS orphans 890,000HIV Prevalence (women 15-49) in Urban 12.3%HIV Prevalence (women 15-49) in Rural 7.5%HIV Prevalence (men 15-49) In Urban 7.6%HIV Prevalence (men 15-49) In Rural 3.5%HIV Prevalence (women 15-49) Total 8.7%HIV Prevalence (men 15-49) Total 4.5%HIV Prevalence Total 6.7%It is estimated that 2.2 million Kenyans are now living with HIV, but few of them know thatthey are infected or show symptoms of the disease, and only about 200,000 have AIDS(Government of Kenya, 2001). Results of the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey(KDHS) in 2003 indicated that the national prevalence rate derived from women participatingin a 2003 sentinel surveillance program was 9.4%. Gender differences were most striking inyoung people. In the 15-19 age group, 3.5% of women and only 0.5% of men were infected,while in the 20-24 year age group, 8.7% of women and 2.4% of men were infected (KDHS,2003). It is projected that AIDS will increase the death rate at all ages. However, the impactwill be most severe among young adults and children under the age of five. This rapidincrease in young adult deaths will have serious consequences for economic and socialdevelopment.Kenya has a severe, generalized HIV epidemic, with approximately 1.25 million adults andover 100,000 children infected. The KDHS 2003 found a prevalence of 9% in adult womenand 5% in adult men. Surveillance of HIV in pregnant women has been conducted annuallysince 1990, with prevalence rising to 16% in urban areas and 8% in rural areas in the late1990s, but now showing signs of decline in some regions. Only 14% of Kenyan adults knowtheir HIV status, limiting their access to care.The seroprevalence rate of HIV among pregnant women in Africa exceeds 20% in manyareas. In Kenya, the HIV prevalence in urban areas was reported to range between 4-10% inlow seroprevalence sites and 35% in high seroprevalence sites.With the observed trends, the percentage of pregnant women who are HIV-infected isincreasing at an alarming rate. Up to 90% of HIV infections in pregnant women are due toheterosexual contact.Women and Health Learning Package: MTCT of HIV/AIDSwww.the-networktufh.org4
More than five million children worldwide have been infected with HIV, almost all throughmother-to-child transmission. The figures are sobering: in 2002 alone, for example, morethan 800,000 children became infected with HIV. Ninety percent of these infections occur insub-Saharan Africa, where AIDS has increased infant mortality in the most severely affectedcountries. Kenya is counted among one of the countries that are most severely affected byHIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa.There was an increase in both the infant mortality rate and under-five mortality rates betweenthe KDHS of 1989 and 2003. For example, the infant mortality rate increased by 30%, from60 deaths per 1000 live births in 1989, to 78 in 2003. Similarly, the under-five mortality rateshowed an increase of 30% during the same period. The trend depicts continued deteriorationin the quality of life amongst the Kenyan population over the last 20 years. Some of thesedeaths can be attributed to HIV-related infections. This same trend is likely to be found inpoor African countries with similar burdens of HIV/AIDS infections.Five Key Gains in Breastfeeding and PMTCT in KenyaThe Global AIDS Program has initiated the following:1. Provision of financial and technical support for the development of a 5-year (2001-2005) national PMTCT strategy that provides guidelines and a framework forcoordinated program implementation2. Support for PMTCT services in 18 facilities (including one offering PMTCT+)3. Integration of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) and PMTCT into maternal andchild clinics in most hospitals and rural health centres.4. Campaigns on breastfeeding promotion5. Provision of mobile VCT services by the Ministry of Health for hard-to-reachpopulations.Five Key Challenges to Infant feeding and MTCT1. Culturally, every mother is expected to breastfeed her baby, and any deviation fromthis practice raises many questions in the family, subjecting the mother to stigma.2. Lack of appropriate and nutritionally adequate complementary foods for infants.3. Lack of safe water and poor hygienic practices making the preparation ofcomplementary foods unsafe.4. Poor infrastructure at health facilities hindering accessibility to most areas wherethere is need for VCT and PMTCT initiatives.5. Lack of knowledge of HIV status by pregnant women (many women, even whentested, are afraid to check the test results).Five Key Factors Increasing MTCT1. Widespread poverty2. Low literacy among rural women3. Home deliveries by traditional birth attendants (TBAs)4. High rate of HIV infection among women5. Religious groups that discourage the use of contraceptives, especially condomsWomen and Health Learning Package: MTCT of HIV/AIDSwww.the-networktufh.org5
Page 1 and 2: MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION (MTCT)
Page 3: caused a real dilemma for mothers,
Page 7 and 8: Mechanisms, Timing and Risk Factors
Page 9 and 10: isks, modes of transmission of HIV,
Page 12 and 13: women therefore need to be educated
Page 14: REFERENCESAnderson VA (1997). The p
Page 17 and 18: Case Studies - Student GuideDear st
Page 19 and 20: Case Study: RukiaRukia is a semi-il
Page 21 and 22: Case Study: JenniferJennifer is a 3
Page 23: • Rukia may not be able to afford

WHLP MTCT HIV_AIDS.pdf - The network - Towards Unity For Health

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?