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NATIONAL HEALTH REPORTTABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... IVACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................... XIACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................. XII1. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................... 11.1. “Historical” notes ................................................................................................................ 11.2. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the Albanian population ... 21.3. Aim of the current health report ..................................................................................... 32. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................... 52.1. Sources of information ...................................................................................................... 53. MORTALITY INDICATORS ............................................................................................................... 73.1. Life expectancy ..................................................................................................................... 73.2. Overall mortality rate ......................................................................................................... 103.3. Cause-specific mortality rates ....................................................................................... 123.4. Child mortality and maternal deaths ........................................................................... 184. BURDEN OF DISEASE (DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS) ................................................ 354.1. Share of DALYs .................................................................................................................... 384.2. Cause-specific DALYs ......................................................................................................... 405. RISK FACTORS .............................................................................................................................. 735.1. Smoking ............................................................................................................................ 735.2. Alcohol use ........................................................................................................................ 795.3. Physical inactivity ........................................................................................................... 865.4. High body mass index ....................................................................................................... 905.5. High blood pressure ......................................................................................................... 955.6. High fasting glucose level ............................................................................................... 1005.7. High total cholesterol level .......................................................................................... 1055.8. Dietary risks ..................................................................................................................... 1105.9. Other risk factors ............................................................................................................ 1166. HEALTH SYSTEM, SERVICE COVERAGE, EXPENDITURE, AND INEQUITIES ................... 1196.1. Health workforce ................................................................................................................... 1196.2. Health service coverage ................................................................................................. 1216.3. Health expenditure .......................................................................................................... 1236.4. Health inequities ............................................................................................................. 1257. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................... 1338. BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................ 141HEALTH STATUS OF THE ALBANIAN POPULATIONIII 3
NATIONAL HEALTH REPORTEXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe aim of this health report is to provide a broad overview of the current healthstatus of the population of Albania. More specifically, this report seeks to describemortality and morbidity patterns that the Albanian population has experienced in thepast twenty years. In addition, the report aims at highlighting the major risk factorsand other determinants of disease and death in the Albanian population. Furthermore,the report succinctly describes the health care resources, workforce distribution,health care utilization and the costs involved in the Albanian health sector.A desk review of the main (official) sources of information about health status andhealth care system in Albania was undertaken to provide the basis for the current healthreport. International sources of information consisted mainly of the Global Burden ofDisease (GBD) Study 2010 coordinated by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation(IHME) in Seattle, USA (http://www.healthdata.org/), and reports and data from theWorld Health Organization (WHO) and other United Nations (UN) agencies.Domestic sources of information included the official reports published primarily bythe Albanian Institute of Statistics (INSTAT: http://www.instat.gov.al/al/home.aspx)and the Albanian Ministry of Health (http://shendetesia.gov.al/).It is important to note, there are serious inconsistencies between different datasources including INSTAT, the operational data from the Albanian Ministry of Health,the UN agencies and the GBD 2010 estimates. The discrepancies between the national(official) information and the international estimates point to the critical need for abetter quality of health data registration in Albania, especially for mortality indicatorsand causes of death in order to adequately inform policy making.Notwithstanding these methodological limitations, a few salient findings emergedfrom this desk review and are briefly summarized below:4VIHEALTH STATUS OF THE ALBANIAN POPULATION
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