Sindh SoED.pdf - IUCN - Pakistan

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Sindh State ofEnvironment &Developmentxxvineglected medium since the advent oftelevision in Pakistan. However, it has receivedmore attention since the liberalisation ofpolicies regarding private ownership of radiostations and the advent of FM in the urbanareas. Cinema too has been on a death spiral inthe country as a whole and in Sindh inparticular. Much of this is due to the official anticulturepolicies of the eighties and nineties.Many of Sindh's secondary cities no longerhave cinema houses and 107 cinemasthroughout the province had been convertedinto commercial centres or apartment blockssince May 2000.There are no definite statistics regarding the ITsector in the province. The number of computerliterate persons, number of professionals, oreven the number of existing software houses isnot known. However, internet service is nowavailable in 138 towns and cities in Sindh due tothe government's effort to make dial-upnetworking available. According to the internetservice providers, there are 165 companiesnationwide that have been issued licences tooperate internet services and the majority ofthem are based in Sindh. Formal sectorinstitutions providing IT education areexpensive and have a limited number of seats.As a result, private and informal educationalinstitutions have mushroomed in all the urbanareas of Sindh. In addition, there are 235software development houses of all sizes inSindh. Almost all of them are in Karachi andHyderabad. The biggest problem facing the ITsector in Sindh is the lack of availability ofquality software engineers and projectmanagers. This is due to the quality of ITeducation in Sindh and the brain drain whichtakes away the best talent to more lucrativeassignments outside the country. An ITrevolution cannot take place withoutinfrastructure such as an uninterruptedelectricity supply, an efficient telecommunicationsystem, and stability and continuity ingovernment policy. Unfortunately, all these prerequisitesare missing. However, the role of ITespecially the internet is being noticed in thedevelopment sector.The Government institutional framework is vitalfor any development related activity in theprovince. The Local Government Ordinance,2001 has been revolutionary; however,substantial changes in the system are yet to berealised. Under this Ordinance the structure ofLocal Areas and Local Governments wasrevamped. Local Areas now consist of Unions,Talukas, Towns, Districts and a City District. Theadministrative structure, including the Executiveand Revenue System, and the Police force hasalso undergone significant changes.NGOs are playing an increasing role ingovernance related issues. As intermediariesthey have helped build bridges and establishedchannels of communication and cooperationbetween communities, governments,development institutions and funding agencies.Through the establishment of CitizenCommunity Boards, in the Local GovernmentOrdinance 2001, the state has found aconstitutional way of including NGOs in localgovernance and as partners in development.Internationally too there has been a growingrecognition of NGO efforts evident from the shiftin donor policies. However, there is an absenceof a comprehensive database listing of NGOsand especially CBOs that exist in thousands inthe province.There is a major difference between NGOsworking in urban and rural Sindh. Urban NGOsare initiating policy changes through advocacyand by developing models of service deliverythrough community participation. Rural NGOson the other hand are primarily involved inservice provision. Both urban and rural NGOshave brought about awareness in societyregarding the rights of citizens, the need fortransparency and accountability, and problemsof development related concepts andprogrammes. However, the government-NGOrelationship has not yet evolved to one of trustand interdependence. NGO recommendationsfor public hearings around governmentpolicies and projects have not yet beenformalised. The Sindhi press has promotedenvironmental issues in a big way and as aresult a close liaison has developed betweenthe media and NGOs and CBOs. NGOs alsoproduce a large volume of literature in the formof monographs, books, journals andnewsletters, regarding their concerns on debt,WTO, government and global economicpolicies, environment and human rights. Thishas created further awareness amongactivists, academia and CBO members and
encourages more writers to delve into thesesubjects.Over the years, the NGO sector has shiftedfrom its purely altruistic nature to a donor drivenbusiness. Many NGOs have large budgets anddepend on erratic and whimsical donor funding.In addition, skilled personnel for communitymobilisation, technical expertise, documentationand monitoring for operating NGOprogrammes are not easily available. There is alack of effective and affordable traininginstitutions for NGO staff, community leadersand activists. Individual NGOs cannot be aseffective as NGO networks. A number of suchcollaborations have been established in Sindhwhich include the Sindh NGO Federation(SINGOF) and SINDHNET at the provinciallevel whereas Peoples Voice and the Water andSanitation Network have emerged from andoperate within Karachi.Sindh State ofEnvironment &Developmentxxvii
Page 1 and 2: SindhState ofEnvironment &Developme
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Page 8 and 9: HANDSHealth and NutritionDevelopmen
Page 10 and 11: SINGOFSindh NGO FederationVOVillage
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Page 38 and 39: Government, which includes the City
Page 42 and 43: consisting of 8, 10 or 12 members d
Page 48 and 49: disturbed by faulting. Consequently
Page 50 and 51: Table 2.1: Land use in Sindh(In mil
Page 58 and 59: EmploymentEMERGING TRENDSSindh Stat
Page 68 and 69: Mukhtar AzadThe magnificent Sukkur
Page 70 and 71: Groundwater SourcesRegular surveys
Page 72 and 73: Tahir QureshiDrain carrying industr
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Page 76 and 77: Box 4.1: Waterlogging and SalinityW
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Muhammad Ali QadriGuddu Barrage on
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major obstacles in conserving water
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Box 4.2: Manchar LakeManchar Lake,
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producing human resources in the wa
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CHAPTER 5Sindh State ofEnvironment
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Sindh Agriculture Information Depar
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Khairpur Nathan Shah) of Dadu distr
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The extent of soils affected by var
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Table 5.5: Area, Production and Yie
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Table 5.7: Quantity of Pesticides s
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Muhammad Anees ShahzadSunflower Cro
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tillage drills for planting wheat a
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Sindh State ofEnvironment &Developm
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Tahir QureshiUnhygienic handling of
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Fishermen's CooperativeSociety (FCS
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Sindh has 25.455 million and 11.861
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against infectious and contagious d
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Photograph name ?Commercial poultry
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Widely promoted technology packages
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Table 1 in Appendix 8.1: Flora in t
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Khuda Bux AbroWater collection from
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Nasir Ali PanhwarA dried up well: w
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degradation of natural resources, t
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Table 9.1 outlines the forest types
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Tahir QureshiConstruction of breakw
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Khushhali Bank, enabling it to prov
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the catchment areas where forests a
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Muhammad Anees ShahzadDead fish at
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as coordinate its work with the pro
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LegislationWetland LegislationEach
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Coastal Ecosystem:Identification of
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mining of coal in Thar (Sindh), and
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Tahir QureshiIndustrial and domesti
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Stefan Micallef, UNEPTasman Spirit,
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CAUSES FOR COASTALENVIRONMENTALCOND
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Muhammad Anees ShehzadTurtle enclos
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Pakistan is among the leading expor
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Urochondra setulosa (=Heleochloa du
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BIRDS OF SINDHBirds from the South
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migratory birds as it is drying up
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Muhammad Anees ShehzadFlamingos, an
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Muhammad Anees ShehzadPair of commo
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Hyenas inhabit rough, rocky and hil
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Muhammad Anees ShehzadFemale Black
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The Indian python is normally a jun
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the non-availability of alternate s
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esults have been achieved through e
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National Park and Mahal Kohistan Wi
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Muhammad Anees ShehzadPainted Zandg
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department. The department regulate
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CHAPTER 15Urbanisation andUrbanisat
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many of the old neighbourhoods of K
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maintenance of vehicles. The remain
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infrastructure development. However
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ights, water and sanitation managem
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and near the fruit and vegetable ma
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Sana RazaAn industrial complex in K
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utilisation, which led to higher ou
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The major portion of the monthly in
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Table 17.2: Coal Production in Sind
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successfully installed a few solar
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educe venture losses in this field.
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Chapter 20 Population, Povertyand E
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Sindh's history dates back to the e
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year in the Wari Creek of the Indus
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Music that commands the greatest re
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government. The government of Nawaz
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listed sites. Thus, awareness has a
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According to a study by UNICEF's Mu
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Dangerous hospital waste litters th
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Ali Raza RizviA stark reality: 50 p
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have a far greater social mobility
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Literacy rates for both men and wom
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Table 21.4: Number of Private Insti
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Box 21.1: Madrassah Curriculum1. Ib
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Box 21.2: Accredited Universities a
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Box 21.3: Sindhi Medium SchoolsA ph
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Media production and consumption is
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RadioRadio has been a neglected med
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Appendix 1.2List of Participants of
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NameDesignation /OrganisationAddres
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Appendix 1.3Provincial Departments
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Appendix 1.4Details of Nazims and Z
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Appendix 1.5Sr.No.Listing of Towns
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Pakistan 1981 1998 1981 1998 1981 1
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Table 4: Sindh Marital StatusMarita
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Physical Conditions Total Rural Urb
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Table 2: Water Requirement for Rabi
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Appendix 6.1Fish Species of the Ind
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Table 1 : Important Mammal Species
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Appendix 9.2: Mangrove Species in P
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Appendix 9.4List of Schemes for Irr
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WETLANDS OF SINDHSr.NoCommonNameReh
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Name of SiteLocationSanghriaro lake
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Table 2: Pollution Load Estimates C
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Table 3: Trees, Shrubs and Under-sh
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Appendix 13.1: Animals at the Kirth
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Appendix 15.1: Demographic Data Sin
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Appendix 15.3: Physical Conditions
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Appendix 17.1Crude Oil Reserves as
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Appendix 17.2GOVERNMENT OF SINDHMIN
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2010.Micro credit banks will be ent
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Table 4: Fortnightly PublicationsLa
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The law also outlines the ineligibi
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development through empowerment. It
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NGOCatholic SocialServicesEstablise
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NGONaz HighSchool OldBoys WelfareAs
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NGOEstablisedinGeographicalFocusAre
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Map 2.3: Location of different type
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Map 4.2: The Irrigation System in S
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Map 8.1: Location of Arid Zones in
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Map 10.1: Location of Sindh Wetland
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Map 13.2: Location of Wildlife Pres
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Map 14.1: Location of Coal Deposits
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Map 15.1: Urban Settlements in Sind
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Map: Indus Delta Area based on SPOT
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